438 THE ANATOMY OF THE HORSE 



is inserted into the bodies, transverse processes, and lower spines of all the 

 cervical vertebrae, except the atlas, Avhich has a tendinous insertion only 

 into its body. Action — to flex the neck. 



INFERIOR CERVICO-OCCIPITAL REGION 



This is occupied by three muscles, antagonists to those of the poll. They 

 are rectus capitis anticus major and minor and obliquus capitis anticus, and 

 connect the bodies and transverse processes of the cervical vertebras with 

 the cuneiform process of the occipital bone. Their action is to bend the head 

 on the neck. 



MUSCLES CONNECTING THE SCAPULA WITH 

 THE HEAD, NECK, AND CHEST 



Besides the subscapulo hyoideus, which has been described in con 

 nection with the inferior cervical region, the following nine muscles con- 

 nect the shoulder with the head, neck, and chest. When these are 

 dissected, the anterior extremity may be removed and separately examined. 

 The two first may be considered as occupying the humero-cervical region, 

 the three next the dorso-scapular region, and the four last the scapulo- 

 thoracic region. 



Levator humeri is situated on the antero inferior and lateral parts of 

 the neck. Orhjin — from the mastoid process of the petrous portion of 

 the temporal bone, crest of the occipital bone, wing of the atlas, and 

 transverse processes of the second, third, fourth, and sometimes fifth 

 cervical vertebrae. Insertion — slightly to the spine of the scapula and 

 shoulder-joint ; to the inferior part of the ridge of the humerus, that 

 extends from the outer part of the outer tubercle ; and to a depression, 

 "scaber canalis," on the anteroinferior part, with the pectoralis trans- 

 versus. Actioii — to raise and draw the shoulder forwards ; to turn the 

 neck on one side ; or, should both muscles act at one and the same time, 

 to depress the head. 



Rhomboideus longus is situated on the supero-lateral part of the neck. 

 Origin — from the lateral part of the ligameutum nuchce as far anteriorly as 

 the third cervical vertebra, and posteriorly as far as the anterior part of the 

 second dorsal spine. Insertion — to the inner surface of the superior angle, 

 border, and cartilage of the scapula. Action — to draw the scapula upwards 

 and forwards. 



Trapezius is situated upon the side of the withers and neck It presents 

 the figure of a right-angled triangle. Origin — from the ligamentum nuchce 

 and spines of the dorsal vertebrae as far back as the eleventh. Insertion — - 

 to a tubercle on the spine of the scapula. Action — to elevate the scapula, 

 and to draw it forwards and backwards. 



Latissimus dorsi is situated on the lateral part of the chest and back. 

 Origin — from the ligamentum nuchce as far anteriorly as the second dorsal 

 spine, and posteriorly as far as the fascia lumborum at the eleventh dorsal 



