CAUSES OF UNSOUNDNESS. 79 



and move in the same direction as the candle is 

 moved. The third image of the flame is inverted 

 and moves in an opposite direction. If cataract 

 is present the last named is either absent or else 

 indistinctly seen. A very simple method for ex- 

 amining the eyes is to take the horse into the shade, 

 or else place a black hat to shade the eye. This 

 causes the pupil to dilate, and any defect at the 

 posterior part of the eye appears as a stellate 

 or star-shaped speck. The addition of a few drops 

 of a solution of atropine, or homatropine, is useful 

 for dilating the pupil in order to give a better 

 examination of the lens. Sometimes the iris is 

 adherent to the lens ; if so, this causes an irregular 

 dilatation and contraction of the pupil, denoted by 

 an alteration in its shape. Of course, one or both 

 eyes may be affected with cataract, either of a 

 stationary, or advancing character. It is customary 

 for amateurs to confuse this disease with opacity 

 of the cornea, and many foolish arguments arise 

 through their defective knowledge. 



Amaurosis. — This disease, also called glass-eye, 

 owing to the bright, glassy appearance of the eye, 

 is occasionally seen in the horse, and a buyer might 

 easily purchase a horse affected in this way. To 

 all appearances the eye is perfectly normal, yet the 



