KIDNEY AND LIVER DISEASES 233 



a pint of gin with a full teaspoonful of quinine, three 

 times a day. The legs should be rubbed night and 

 morning, and should be kept bandaged, but not tightly. 

 This is the treatment for pneumonia. 



Founder is apt to follow pneumonia, and therefore 

 In a case of pneumonia the feet should be kept in mind, 

 and should be poulticed if fever appears in them. 



HEAVES 



Heaves Is a difficulty in breathing accompanied by a 

 hard, dry cough. When a heavey horse breathes 

 there is a double Instead of a single motion of his 

 flanks. What Interior change has taken place Is not 

 certainly known, but it is supposed that the elasticity 

 of the diaphragm Is Impaired or destroyed. Dusty or 

 smoky hay is the usual cause of heaves, but anything 

 which unduly distends the stomach, so that It presses 

 upon the neighbouring organs, may cause heaves. I have 

 known a horse to get heaves by feeding all day upon 

 frostbitten grass. A gross feeder may contract heaves 

 even from the best of hay If he Is fed no grain, and Is 

 obliged to satisfy his appetite on hay alone. The stomach 

 of a horse is small, and he cannot do well if fed entirely 

 on bulky food. It used to be the custom on New 

 England farms to feed horses almost wholly upon hay, 

 and heaves were then very much more prevalent than 

 now when more grain is fed to horses at work. 



The disease is Incurable, but may be much alleviated 

 by proper feeding and doctoring. The food should all 

 be moistened, and it should be compact, so as to distend 

 the stomach as little as possible. The hay should be 



