Land Problems and National Welfare 



essential to nature study. 



2. Geometrical and Scale Drawing is essential 

 to practical arithmetic and to handicraft. The 

 boys should be able to naake a scale drawing of 

 a field, garden plot, building, box, implement, 

 etc., and, in gardening and carpentry, work from 

 such drawings. (Freehand done with pencil 

 should be generally omitted, and modelling in 

 clay and a certain amount of charcoal drawing 

 substituted). 



Manual Work: — 



1. Gardening. — The cultivation of a plot with 

 the ordinary vegetables. Either a common 

 garden for the whole class, or a plot of about 

 one square rod in size for each boy, or a com- 

 bination of these systems may be adopted. 

 Two objects must be kept in view (a) to study 

 the growth of crops in relation to the soil (which 

 will be as useful afterwards in farming as in 

 gardening), and {b) to obtain skill in the opera- 

 tion of gardening. School gardens worked on 

 somewhat similar lines to those now existing in 

 several counties might be resorted to. Flower 

 culture, bee-keeping, and especially fruit culture 

 should be associated with gardening. 



2. Handicraft should consist either of {a) 

 Woodwork designed to make useful things, such 

 as hen-coops, garden frames, bar frames for 

 bee-hives, egg-boxes, etc. The boys should also 



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