Xll CONTENTS. 



stances which limit and modify this principle ; stale in which nitrogen should ex- 

 ist in manure, to become a measure of its value ; nitrogen must exist as ammo- 

 nia, or in a combination which readily permits the formation of ammonia : in 

 salts, the ease with which nitrogen is given up by different salts containing it, af- 

 fects their value ; time an element in determining value of manure ; in organic 

 matter, nitrogen effective in proportion to rapidity of decay ; distinction to be 

 noted in salts, between the action of the base, and a nitrogenous acid combined 

 with it ; influence of pure salts of ammonia ; their value is almost in direct ratio 

 to their nitrogen, modified by ease of decomposition ; proofs from Kuhlman's ex- 

 periments ; 100 parts nitrogen in manure, whatever its origin, produces in like 

 circumstances like effects ; influence of moist and dry seasons on manure ; am- 

 monia in manure is ordinarily in the state of carbonate ; comparative effects of 

 carbonate and sulphate of ammonia, used as manure ; Jacquemart's experiments 

 •with these salts ; proof of the principle that nitrogen determines the value of 

 manure, drawn from effect of nitrate of soda ; nitrogen enables plants to grow 

 more in given time ; general account of its effects in agriculture ; of gadou or 

 Flanders' manure, mode of preparing ; its value and effects ; poudrette, what it 

 is ; preparation of ; description of the process for preparing poudrette in France, 

 the birth-place of this manufacture ; suggestions for making poudrette near all 

 large cities and towns ; " animalized black," what ; cost and value of poudrette ; 

 of the composition and effects of guano ; its actual money value to the farmer ; 

 of the value of the droppings of domestic fowls ; of the composition of fish, flesh, 

 fowl, gristle, skin, sinews, &c. ; they all afford mineral, vegetable and animal 

 salts; of the composition of the great bulk of animal bodies, fibrine, albumen, 

 caserne ; vegetables afford similar products ; these similar and identical products 

 form proteine ; of its composition and value as a manure ; of the value of sinews, 

 gristle, skin, hair, horns, nails, wool, and feathers ; all animal and vegetable 

 products form two classes, that which does and that which does not contain nitro- 

 gen ; of the composition and value of bones as a manure ; of fats and oils ; of 

 soot ; of spent lye ; of artificial spent lye ; of liquid animal manures ; of the pe(!U- 

 liar principle which gives them their value ; its analysis, composition and action ; 

 of the analysis of cattle urine— its value as a manure ; urine of the horse, sheep, 

 and hog ; of human urine — its value and composition. 



CHAPTER VII. 



Artifictal Manukks, and Irrigation, . 206 



Of the nature, analysis and composition of peat, swamp-muck and pond mud ; what 

 is wanting to give these the value of cow-dung is alkali ; of the relative value of 

 ammonia, potash, soda, and ashes, which may be used for this purpose ; of the 

 quantity in which these may be added to a cord of peat ; of the compost of peat 

 Avith animal manure ; of the various substances used for forming artificial ma- 

 nure with poat, and their relative value ; of the use of peat recently in France ; 

 use of dried peat and amnioniacal salts ; its value compared with poudrette ; of 

 gas liquor and peat ; mode of forming gas or peat poudrette at gas works ; of 

 composts without peat or stuble manure ; of Jauffret's principles of composting • 



