THE VINEYARD AND SMALL FRUITS. 309 



the vine, they will in a measure overcome the bad 

 effedts of over-irrigation, and carry away much of the 

 surface surplus water. In fertilizing grape-vines the 

 best method is to place the manure on the soil between 

 the vines in rows, and let its strength penetrate to the 

 roots. 



Foreign Grapes. — There are many warm valleys 

 throughout the Rocky Mountain region, south of the 

 fortieth parallel and west of the Continental divide, 

 where the foreign, European, or California varieties of 

 grapes thrive splendidly under irrigation. It is always 

 quite essential to seledl land with thorough drainage, 

 and if possible with a slope to the south. Plant the 

 ground so that the rows for irrigating will not be over 

 ten rods in length. Make the rows eight feet apart, 

 and set the plants six feet apart in the row. Different 

 localities must experiment to some extent to find the 

 varieties best adapted to the particular soil and climate. 

 Scoria and decomposed granite can always be chosen as 

 soil well adapted to these fruits. For sheltered locali- 

 ties Muscat, Malaga, Purple Damascus, Rose of Peru, 

 Black Farrar, Black Spanish, Black Hamburg, Flame 

 Tokay, Cornichon, and Sweetwater are suitable. 

 Thompson's Seedless and the Sultana also do well. In 

 localities having frost in winter the vines must be cov- 

 ered. After early frost comes prune off all the vines, 

 leaving only three or four stalks to the plant and from 

 two to three buds to the stalk or vine, always leaving 

 new wood. It is best not to irrigate much the latter 

 part of July and August until the grapes begin to show 

 signs of coloring ; then irrigate again, and they will fill 

 out much better and ripen more evenly. Work is 



