WINDMILLS AND PUMPS. 36 1 



the main castings attached, and the wheel and vane put 

 on afterward, although they may be put on before 

 raising if there is sufficient help. In wooden towers 

 the frames should be raised alone and the castings 

 hoisted into place by means of a gin pole and ropes. 

 Also be sure that the tower is level before fastening to 

 posts. Care must be taken in setting the posts, that 

 they are exa(5lly the right distance apart. Where tanks 

 are desired, it is best to buy them from regular deal- 

 ers who also furnish instru<5lions for putting them up. 



Care of Windmills. — A windmill in daily use 

 should be oiled at least every two weeks. This, in icy 

 weather, is no desirable task. Several methods have 

 been introduced to overcome this difficulty. Large 

 storage cups are used by some. One or two firms use 

 what is called a tilting tower. This tower supports a 

 mast pivoted in the center. On one end of this mast 

 is placed the wheel, while the other end is weighted to 

 the weight of the wheel. When oiling is needed the 

 foot of the mast is unlocked and the wheel drawn to 

 the ground. The latest plan introduced to overcome 

 the necessity of oiling is to have all bearing parts 

 made of graphite, which is a composition of brass and 

 black lead, the latter in itself a great lubricator. The 

 makers of these bearings claim that they will last from 

 twenty to twenty-five years. All bolt work on a frame 

 and about the gearing should be carefully watched, 

 and where joints become loosened they should be tight- 

 ened promptly, as in this way serious loss may of ten be 

 averted. 



Power of Wind Engines. — The velocity of the 

 wind and the diameter of the wheel determines the 



