WINDMILLvS AND PUMPS. 



377 



drive pipe connecftion; B, base; M, spring supply pipe; 

 O, check- valve. 



The chamber is bolted onto a frame which forms, 

 at one end, an entrance into the ram for the supply of 

 water, and conne(5led at the other end with the outside, 

 or impetus, valve. This frame also contains, placed at 



FIG. 86 — HYDRAULIC RAM IN PARIS. 



right angles with the supply passage, outlets for the 

 water discharged to the reservoir. There is an open- 

 ing just above the supply- water passage into the air- 

 chamber through its valve. The outside, or impetus, 

 valve is so arranged — by bending upward the end of 

 the supply passage — that when it is closed, by being 

 forced or held up against its seat, no water can escape; 



