WINDMILLS AND PUMPS. 379 



be provided, starting from the bottom of the pit. If it 

 is not prad:icable to locate the ram the desired distance 

 from the supply, a number of coils may be made in 

 the pipe. In this manner a ram may be located 

 dire<5tly under the supply, and will work equally well. 

 The supply must determine the size of the pipe to be 

 used. Never use a ram that is too large for the sup- 

 ply. If the supply pipe is not kept full the ram will 





FIG. 87 — HYDRAULIC ENGINE IN OPERATION. 



not work to advantage, and will eventually stop and 

 give trouble. Fig. 87 illustrates a ram operating under 

 very favorable circumstances. 



The water can be discharged to an elevation several 

 times the fall of the water from the reservoir to the 

 ram, the greatest fall causing the discharge of the 

 greatest amount of water at a given hight, or a given 

 amount of water to a greater hight. Or, in other 

 words, about one-seventh of the water furnished to the 

 ram may be raised to a hight of four times the hight of 

 the supply, one- fourteenth to eight times the hight of 



