388 IRRIGATION FARMING. 



the mill will pump just fast enough to freeze water in 

 the pump, when an increased wind will smash things. 

 Put both valves in perfec5t order. As for the windmill, 

 if a solid wheel, see that the brake is adjusted so that 

 it will hold the wheel motionless when out of wind. 

 If the brake has too light pressure, a change of wind, 

 if the wind is light, will turn the wheel slowly with- 

 out ac5ting on the vane, and it will pump slowly and 

 freeze the water. The main things are tight valves, 

 so that water will be pumped when the windmill turns, 

 no matter how slowly ; a small vent to let the water 

 back after pumping ceases — small enough so it will 

 not allow water to run out fast enough, when pumping 

 slowly, to cut off the flow from the spout — and a tight 

 brake to hold the wheel perfedlly motionless when 

 turned out of wind. If wooden tanks leak from 

 shrinkage the evil can soon be remedied by throwing 

 in a quart or so of bran, which will soon fill the 

 crevices and stop leakage. 



Cost of Lifting Water. — The cost of furnishing 

 the power by means of steam varies according to the 

 amount to be furnished and the cost of fuel. It 

 requires the same labor to attend a five horse-power 

 boiler and engine as it would require for a fifty horse- 

 power outfit. It will probably average twenty-five to 

 thirty-five cents for each horse-power for the operation 

 of any plant of ten to twenty-five horse-power capacity. 

 Say it costs thirty cents; then the cost of putting one 

 inch of water on twenty-four acres a day would be 

 three dollars for a twenty-five foot elevation, or twelve 

 and one-half cents an acre. Or, in other words, a two- 

 inch flow on each acre could be obtained for twenty- 



