SUBIRRIGATION AND SUBSOILING. 433 



his experience with a subsoiler in Allan County, Kan- 

 sas, Clarence J. Norton wrote : 



* ' When I received my plow from the manufacturer 

 I made no change of adjustment, as it was set for three 

 horses, and I reasoned that the maker knew how it 

 ought to be run, and I did not have to make any 

 change at all. The plow went sixteen inches deep 

 from the surface and pulled very hard on the team. I 

 went one round after many stops to rest, and then 

 changed double- trees and put on a big Percheron stal- 

 lion. They now went easier, but in a short time I be- 

 came aware that the enormous strain was too much to 

 keep up long, so I lowered the shoe to make the plow 

 run about fourteen inches in depth, plowing every two 

 feet apart. This is all the change I made, except to 

 raise the shoe again for twenty inches when cross- 

 plowing. 



' ' This plow does not throw out any earth at all. 

 It simply lifts up the ground about four inches, raising 

 it most at the plow and for two feet each way, when, 

 of course, the ground splits or cracks in front of the 

 standard, and allows the inch and a half standard to 

 pass through, only leaving just such a track as a 

 ground mole leaves, excepting that this plow mole 

 goes fourteen inches deep. When I returned four feet 

 away, the whole ground between the plow-marks was 

 raised up, loosened, or stirred, being raised the most 

 where the plow had gone, and at the two-foot point be- 

 tween it had the appearance of a dead furrow ; but 

 when this was also plowed into it was raised just as 

 high as the rest. The earth seemed to be moved ahead 

 a little and raised up about four inches. It was won- 



