370 Our North Land. 



number of islands, with long points and peninsulas of the mainland 

 among them. The water between these islands and points and for 

 some distance out to sea is shallow. The majority of the islands 

 are rather low and composed of boulders and shingle with few or 

 no trees, but the solid rock occurs upon a large proportion of 

 them. No regularity can be detected in the general arrangement 

 of these islands. They present a kind of labyrinth, which it 

 would be very difficult to map with accuracy, and which is not 

 unlike that of the northern shore of Georgian Bay, Lake Huron, 

 except that on the east coast of James's Bay the water is shallower 

 and shows evidence of receding rapidly, and the islands are, as 

 above stated, mostly covered by boulders and shingle. 



From the neighbourhood of Cape Jones, all the way to Cape 

 Dufferin, the coast is of a different character, and the rocks are 

 more varied and interesting. The general outline of the land is 

 higher and more uneven, and it rises gradually as we go north all 

 the way to the head of Manitounuck Sound. Here it becomes 

 bold, rugged, and often precipitous. 



The islands along this part of the coast run in regular chains, 

 nearly parallel with the shore, of which the principal are the Mani- 

 tounuck, Nastapoka and Hopewell chains. Long Island, which 

 begins a few miles north-east of Cape Jones, and measures about 

 thirty miles from one extremity to the other, also lies parallel to 

 the shore. 



The gaps through which Little Whale River and other streams 

 find their way to the sea are of glacial origin. There are also many 

 gaps in the hills which were at one time occupied by water, but 

 which are now more or less filled up with sand and shingle, and 

 some of them have reached a considerable elevation above the level 

 of the sea. Some of the cliffs in the vicinity of the lead mine, three 

 miles north-west of the Hudson's Bay Company's post at Little 

 Whale River, are very interesting. On the opposite or south side 

 of the Little Whale River some of the hills appear to be over 

 one thousand feet high. 



In the south-western part of Richmond Gulf, and on the north 

 side of the outlet, a remarkable castle-like peninsula rises to a height 



