rn. XIV.] LIFE AND MIND. 93 



human progress the increase of the cei'ebrum in size and 

 complexity has been so much greater than the increase of 

 the cerebellum. In no other respect is civOized man so 

 widely distinguished from the savage, as in his habitual 

 adjustment of his daily actions to contingencies likely to 

 arise in a more or less distant future. But here we touch 

 upon an important tbeorem of sociology, which I shall here- 

 after consider at greater length. 



Next let us note that the extension of the correspondence 

 in space and in time is accompanied by a progressive increase 

 in the speciality of the correspondence. Manifestly the 

 differentiation of sense-organs which renders possible the 

 adjustment of inner relations to distant outer relations, also 

 renders possible the adjustment of inner relations to outer 

 relations that are more and more speciah Increased width of 

 retina enhances the power of estimating the size of neigh- 

 bouring objects, since the differences in the visual areas 

 which they occupy will become more clearly appreciable. The 

 multiplication of retinal rods enhances the power of estimat- 

 ing shape, since differently shaped objects affect different 

 numbers and different combinations of these rods. Thus 

 while animals with rudimentary vision, in becoming aware of 

 the presence of approaching objects, can recognize them only 

 as objects, on the other hand an animal with developed 

 vision, in recognizing objects near or distant, can also 

 distinguish between innumerable differences in their sizes 

 and shapes, and can make a proportionally great number of 

 special adaptations in its conduct. It is similar with the 

 ability to distinguish colours, and to estimate direction by 

 the eye. And from the growing heterogeneity of the other 

 senses, we might draw parallel illustrations, were there room 

 for them. Finally the high development of the cephalic 

 ganglia, rendering possible the compounding of ideal repre- 

 sentations of objects and relations not present to sense, 

 increases to an enormous degree the speciality of the adjust- 



