CH. XVI.] THE EVOLUTION OF MIND. 1B3 



extending tlie experience theory to the entire race, we see 

 " indissohibly connected psychical states existing where there 

 are perpetually repeated experiences of the external relations 

 to which they answer." 



Though the higher kinds of instinct, in which the supreme 

 ganglia cooperate, are probably accompanied by a vague con- 

 sciousness, yet in the main the processes which we have just 

 described must be regarded as automatic. Let us now notice 

 what must occur when the correspondence between inner and 

 outer relations has become quite complex and special. As 

 Mr. Spencer has pointed out, " phenomena become less 

 frequent in proportion as they become more complex ; and 

 hence the experiences of them can never be so numerous as 

 are the experiences of simple phenomena. The relation 

 between a passing obscuration and a living body, recurs 

 oftener than the relation between a certain degree of obscura- 

 tion and danger, or than the relation between a certain other 

 degree of obscuration and food. Again, each of these rela- 

 tions is more general than the relation between a particular 

 size and form of visual impression and an object of a 

 particular class. And again, this relation is more general 

 than that between a particular size, form, and colour of 

 visual impression, and a certain species of that class." ^ From 

 this it follows that a lowly-organized animal, in which there 

 is established a correspondence only with the most general 

 eu>aroning relations, and which therefore has experience only 

 of such most general relations, has at the same time a uniform 

 experience which maintains a complete cohesion among its 

 simple psychical states. On the other hand, a highly- 

 organized animal, in which there are established correspond- 

 ences with many complex and special relations, will have a 

 varied experience, and at the same time a varying cohesion 

 among its complex psychical states. While the most general 

 relations which it experiences will also be the most frequent, 



' Spencer, Principles of Psychology, vol. i. p. 441, 



