CH. IV.] MATTER AND SPIRIT. 439 



nervoas system and the accompanying evolution of intelli- 

 gence, from the lowest to the highest forms of life."^ 



It appears, therefore, that, so far as objective psychology is 

 concerned, but little support has as yet been obtained for the 

 materialistic hypothesis. The most that psychology, work- 

 ing with the aid of physiology, has thus far achieved, hai 

 been to show that, within the limits of our experience, ther** 

 is an invariaUe concomitance between psychical phenomena 

 and the phenomena of nervous action ; and this, as we have 

 seen, is but the elaborate analytic statement of a plain truth, 

 which is asserted alike by philosophers of every school and 

 by the common-sense of every human being, — namely, that 

 from birth until death there is no manifestation of Mind 

 except in association with Body. But beyond this it is quite 

 clear that objective psychology can never go. The most that 

 psychology, working with the aid of physiology, can ever 

 achieve, will be to show the invariable concomitance between 

 nervous and psychical phenomena, within the limits of our 

 experience. The most it can ever do will be to illustrate, 

 wiih more and more minute detail, that same proposition in 

 asserting which it has been from the outset upheld by the 

 universal consent of mankind. To enlarge the scope of that 

 proposition, to add to it new ulterior implications, must for 

 ever remain beyond its power. Or if this is still not per- 

 fectly clear, the kindred considerations now to be drawn from 

 the study of transcendental physics will make it clear. 



It has been not uncommonly taken for granted, both by 

 materialists and by theologians, that molecular physics, in 

 establishing a quantitative correlation between the various 

 modes of motion manifested throughout organic and in- 

 organic nature, has supplied a basis whereon to found some 

 theory of the materiality of Mind. Here, as before, the 

 theologians have accepted the materialistic inference and 

 aimed theii assaults at the irrefragable scientific theorem, 

 * Principles of Psychology, voL i p. 617. 



