15 



where it does occur, individuals are often 

 found on small hummocks where cover of other 

 herbaceous vegetation is fairly high; these 

 sites are also often at least partially shaded 

 by overhanging shrub and tree species. Thus, 

 it appears that, within its own habitat, the 

 species has some tolerance for interspecific 

 competition. 



HERBIVORY: Field observations during 1988 did 

 not indicate that C. passerinum is subject to 

 heavy browsing by native herbivores. However, 

 the Green Timber Basin (002) site is subject to 

 livestock grazing each summer beginning in 

 early July, and the area is moderately to 

 heavily grazed. During surveys and 

 establishment of a monitoring study by Dana 

 Field (U.S. Forest Service) in 1988, 160 stems 

 were observed on 11 July; on 4 August, only 52 

 live stems could be relocated, and many of the 

 other plants had been bitten off or broken by 

 grazing and trampling. The long-term effects 

 of this activity should be closely monitored, 

 to determine population trends. 



H. LAND OWNERSHIP 



The land ownership for the eleven occurrences 

 currently known in Montana is given below. The 

 exact locations are provided in Table 1, pp. 5-7. 



a. U.S. FOREST SERVICE: 



i. Flathead National Forest, Spotted Bear 



Ranger District, Bob Marshall Wilderness 

 Area: 



Butcher Mountain Meadows (003) 



White River (004) 



Mud Lake (005) 



Big Prairie Bridge (008) 



ii. Lewis & Clark National Forest, Rocky 

 Mountain Ranger District: 



Green Timber Basin (002) 



Blacktail Gulch (006) 



Dry Fork Lange Creek (007) 



Clary Coulee (010) 



North Fork Birch Creek (Oil) 



Straight Creek (012; unverified) 



