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b. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR: 



i. National Park Service, Glacier National 

 Park: 



Kishenehn Spruce Swamp (001) 



C. CURRENT STATUS UNKNOWN: 



Columbia Falls (009; historical record) 



II. ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS 



A. THREATS TO CURRENTLY KNOWN POPULATIONS (MONTANA) : Based 

 on field observations in 1986 and 1988, populations of 

 Cypripedium passerinum are potentially or currently 

 threatened by i) grazing, ii) recreational activities, 

 and iii) timber harvesting. The sites threatened by 

 these activities are reviewed below: 



1. GRAZING: The site that is currently being most 

 impacted by livestock grazing is Green Timber Basin 

 (002), on the Lewis & Clark National Forest. Cattle 

 are turned into the area around 1 July each year, 

 and they concentrate in the basin area in the old 

 clear-cuts, as well as the forests in which 

 Cypripedium passerinum mainly occurs. As discussed 

 in Section I.G.l.b., grazing may be impacting this 

 population. 



Two other sites in the Front Range, on the Lewis & 

 Clark National Forest, are in areas which may be 

 subject to grazing, but they do not currently appear 

 to be threatened by this activity: 



Blacktail Gulch (006) 



Dry Fork Lange Creek (007) 



2. RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES: Four populations studied 

 in 1988 occur in the Bob Marshall Wilderness Area: 



Butcher Mountain Meadows (003) 



White River (004) 



Mud Lake (005) 



Big Prairie Bridge (008) 



None of these four sites appear to be seriously 

 threatened by recreational use at this time, 

 although the following observations were made. The 

 Butcher Mountain Meadows area is lightly used by 

 outfitters for hunting in the fall, well after the 

 growing season (Maria Ash, pers. comm.); the Butcher 

 Mountain trail (#133) does bisect the area, but it 



