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known sites. The Butcher Mountain Meadows (003) and 

 White River (004) populations are the largest known 

 in Montana, and protection of these sites will be a 

 very important part of maintaining viable 

 populations in Region 1. Management plans on the 

 Lewis & Clark National Forest should also take into 

 consideration all known populations, especially 

 Green Timber Basin (002) , Blacktail Gulch (006) , 

 Clary Coulee (010) , and North Fork Birch Creek 

 (Oil) ; although very small, the Dry Fork Lange Creek 

 (007) site should also be considered in future 

 planning. Further information is needed for the 

 occurrence reported in Straight Creek (012) before 

 recommendations can be made. 



2 . Notification of U.S. Forest Service personnel of 



locations on U.S.F.S. lands. To prevent inadvertent 

 impacts to known populations, all appropriate 

 personnel involved in planning should be provided 

 with detailed location information for C. 

 passerinum . It is especially important that Ranger 

 District timber sale managers, engineers, and range 

 conservationists know the precise locations, so that 

 disturbance may be prevented. 



D. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER ASSESSMENT 



1 . Further surveys in potential habitats. Further 

 field surveys may reveal the existence of additional 

 populations in Montana, especially in the Front 

 Range and Glacier National Park. Drainages in the 

 Front Range which contain seepage zones in Picea 

 enqelmannii forest types are particularly likely to 

 support additional sites. Especially promising 

 would be further surveys in the North Fork Birch 

 Creek drainage, upstream from the known site. The 

 reported occurrence in the Straight Creek drainage 

 should be verified, and its full extent determined. 

 Searches along the shores of the South Fork Flathead 

 River, in the Bob Marshall Wildernes Area, might 

 also be revealing. 



2 . Establishment of monitoring studies to assess 

 population condition and status. In order to more 

 accurately determine the effects of habitat 

 alteration on populations of C. passerinum . 

 monitoring studies should be established in several 

 locations, especially at Green Timber Basin (002) 

 and North Fork Birch Creek (Oil) (note: ecodata 

 plots were established at these sites in 1988) . 

 Similar studies, if established in one of the large 

 populations in the Bob Marshall Wilderness Area, 

 would provide useful comparisons. The method 

 outlined by Lesica (1987) is a good one for 



