50 ANDREW J. SHIPMAN MEMORIAL 



again emphasizes it and builds several sentences on it, to 

 the effect that Ferrer was tried as the sole "instigator and 

 director of the rising." Either he did not know, or did not 

 care to say, that this Spanish phrase was nothing more than 

 the technical legal expression in Spanish of our word "prin- 

 cipal" in criminal law, as distinguished from "accessory" or 

 "accomplice." Our law here in America has often condemned 

 criminals as "principals" who have had substantially no physi- 

 cal participation in the crime. 



Further on Mr. Archer says regarding the religious orders : 

 "Exempt from taxation, some of the religious houses compete 

 in the production of certain commodities; and this unfair 

 competition is keenly resented by the people." Then he goes 

 into almost the A. P. A. hysterics about conventual life, citing 

 for it an absolutely discredited anonymous work, and draws 

 the conclusion, "for reasons above indicated, the religious 

 houses were chronically and intensely unpopular." This is to 

 give a basis for events. Notwithstanding all this, he tells us, 

 "it [the mob] did not single out for destruction those institu- 

 tions which competed unfairly in confectionery, laundry work, 

 or other industries." Not a building of that kind was touched. 

 What the rioters burned and destroyed were chiefly the 

 schools, day-nurseries, kindergartens, and charitable institu- 

 tions of defenseless women. Not a complaint had ever been 

 raised about them; but to a cowardly, raging mob of anar- 

 chists they were easy game. 



In speaking of this anarchistic mob, he says: "They were 

 bent on destruction, not on theft. ... No bank was attacked ; 

 no store, other than gun-stores" ; and he is extremely anxious 

 to show that there was "no sack," even proclaiming in head- 

 lines that there was "no massacre and no sack." Yet the 

 slightest inquiry, to cite merely one case, would have shown 

 Mr. Archer that at the working women's schools, in San 

 Andres, the mob looted everything they could carry, and some 

 even came with wheelbarrows and small carts to carry off 

 beds, pillows, sheets, chairs, sewing-machines, typewriters, 

 dishes, and the like ; while they piled up the heavy furniture, 

 tables, pianos, harmoniums, and desks, for a bonfire! Also 

 that every chalice, paten, jewel, and ornament was stolen from 

 the churches and convent chapels before they were set on fire. 

 He knows very well, or could have found out easily that the 



