^^ ANDREW J. SHIPMAN MEMORIAL 



ing a secret society, political propaganda went almost unno- 

 ticed. All the members of the present provisional government 

 are said to be Masons of the virulent European brand and 

 very anti-Catholic. 



The population of Portugal was, in 1900, 5,016,167, or about 

 that of the State of Ohio. In geographical area it is slightly 

 larger than Ohio. The people of Portugal do not live in cities, 

 but are rural and agricultural exclusively ; only a little less 

 than one-third (32.4 per cent) of the population being dwell- 

 ers in cities and towns. There are no large cities in the king- 

 dom. Lisbon, the capital, had in 1900 only 356,000 inhabi- 

 tants; Oporto, 167,950; Braga, 24,200; Setubal, 22,074, and 

 Coimbra, 18,150, Hence, the whole population are practically 

 penniless country farmers and farm hands, with all the disad- 

 vantages and backwardness which that fact implies. The ex- 

 ternal and internal debt of Portugal is approximately about 

 $140 for each man, woman and child in the kingdom, and taxa- 

 tion is proportionately heavy. 



For this population the number of parishes in the whole of 

 Portugal is 3,736, and the number of priests about 6,840. The 

 Church in Portugal is constituted as follows: Patriarchate 

 of Lisbon, in the centre of the kingdom, with two suflfragan 

 bishops, Guarda and Portalegre; Archbishopric of Evora, in 

 the south, with two sufifragan bishops, Beja and Faro; Arch- 

 bishopric of Braga, in the north, with five suffragan bishops, 

 Braganza, Coimbra, Lamego, Porto and Vizeu, thus making 

 twelve dioceses for the whole of Portugal. In addition to them 

 there is the Archbishop of Goa in India, with four suffragan 

 bishops of Cochin, Damao, Macao and Meliapur in the Portu- 

 guese East Indies ; and also the bishops of Angola, Augra and 

 San Thome in Africa, Funchal in Madeira, Santiago in Cape 

 Verde, which are subject to Lisbon. There were very few 

 religious orders in Portugal, only teaching and charitable ones 

 being allowed after 1870. 



Education, of course, is backward. The rural population do 

 not see its necessity ; they are too poor to provide schools, and 

 the government is bankrupt. The latest Constitution was 

 adopted in 1842 and it contains (Art. 145, Sec. 30) the declara- 

 tion : "Primary instruction shall be free to all citizens." No 

 government so far has ever carried this out, or been able to 

 furnish the means whereby such education should be freely 



