78 ANDREW J. SHIPMAN MEMORIAL 



The very origin of their assumption of self-conferred power 

 behes any grounded spontaneous outburst on the part of the 

 people for their rule. A rebellious garrison, traitorous guards 

 and a seditious navy enabled them to effect the revolution and 

 climb into power. The heroes of this revolution, who are 

 hailed as martyrs, are two men who did but little to effect it, 

 one of whom died by the hand of a demented patient in his 

 own hospital, and the other committed suicide on his ship 

 because he thought the uprising was a failure. Yet Dr. Miguel 

 Bombarda and Vice-Admiral Candido Dos Reis received a 

 magnificent public funeral through the streets of Lisbon, 

 as though they had fallen bravely fighting at the head of vic- 

 torious troops. All the Masonic lodges were represented offi- 

 cially, and the long procession was filled with banners and pen- 

 nants bearing Masonic emblems, thus making it a personal as 

 well as an official manifestation. 



The moment that the seven men formed the provisional gov- 

 ernment of the so-called Republic of Portugal they commenced 

 war on the Church. Here are their names, so that their his- 

 tory may be scanned: Teofilo Braga, president; Alfonso 

 Costa, minister of justice; Bernardino Machado, minister of 

 foreign affairs; Antonio d Almeida, minister of the interior; 

 Luiz Barreto, minister of war ; Amaro Acevedo Gomes, min- 

 ister of marine ; and Basilio Peyes, minister of commerce and 

 agriculture (faaenda). We shall see how large their names 

 loom in the coming history of Portugal. 



Without any Constitution, law, rules of procedure, court, 

 jury, accusation or trial, these seven men constituted them- 

 selves the most despotic government on the face of the earth. 

 They drove monks from their cloisters, nuns from their con- 

 vents, and the regular clergy from their homes. They arrested 

 every member of a religious order without warrant and with- 

 out charges, marched them as the vilest criminals through the 

 streets, threw them into the foulest prisons, where they ex- 

 isted without the ordinary conveniences of life. When the 

 jails showed signs of being full, without further trial, or with- 

 out being charged with any disorder or crime against the coun- 

 try or its people, these religious were summarily banished from 

 the country. 



The vilest stories were told about the nuns and sisters ; they 

 were subjected to almost every form of insult ; while the wild- 



