122 ANDREW J. SHIPMAN MEMORIAL 



each part of the Church, although they had a common origin. 

 Finally in the year 1054 came the separation of the two 

 churches, the greater part of the Greek Church lapsing into 

 schism or opposition to the unity of the Catholic Church. 

 With that schism came also some later differences of doctrine. 

 Still all the Greek part of the Church did not leave Catholic 

 unity; and later on during the subsequent centuries and par- 

 ticularly in 1695-1700, millions of separated Greeks returned 

 to the unity of the Church. Thus these Greeks who never 

 separated from unity and those who returned to it represent 

 to-day the Catholic Church of the East, united with the West, 

 as it stood before the great schism. To express this idea more 

 clearly, they are sometimes called Uniats, for while Greek 

 indicates their rite, Catholic expresses their faith. They are 

 Catholics in faith and unity with their brethren throughout 

 the world, and are subject to the Vicar of Christ as the Head 

 of the Church upon earth, but they still follow their own pecu- 

 liar forms of worship, rites and ceremonies, just as they used 

 to do before there was ever any thought of disruption or sepa- 

 ration of churches. 



Prior to the year 1054 the Catholic Church was undivided 

 throughout the Eastern and the Western Roman Empires. In 

 the East the people generally followed the Greek or Constanti- 

 nople form of saying Mass and administering all the sacra- 

 ments, and used the Greek language chiefly in the Church 

 services. In the Western part of Europe they followed the 

 Roman form and used the Latin language. Political and theo- 

 logical dissensions ensued, based principally upon misunder- 

 standings, and in 1054 the Church of Constantinople was ex- 

 communicated for disobedience or schism. That made a break 

 between the Eastern and Western parts of the Church, al- 

 though the Eastern separated Church still retained all the es- 

 sentials of Christian doctrine and belief defined up to that date. 

 Matters only grew worse with the lapse of time, although 

 reunion took place twice for a short period in the General 

 Councils of Lyons (1275) and Florence (1438). The Greek 

 Church, with the exception of a few in Italy, remained in 

 schism; the differences between the two Churches being only 

 on two or three points. 



The principal peoples who are Catholics using the Greek 

 Rite are: 



