146 ANDREW J. SHIPMAN MEMORIAL 



Our Saviour in the Woods (Spass na Boru). It was origi- 

 nally built here at the beginning of the thirteenth century, 

 when the Kremlin was but a hill still covered with forest trees, 

 and hence its name. Ivan I, m 1330, tore down the primitive 

 wooden church and replaced it by a church of stone. Outside 

 the Great Palace is the Armory, one of the finest museums of 

 its kind in Europe, being particularly rich in collections of Rus- 

 sian weapons and armor. The building towards the north 

 of the palace, known as the Synod, was the residence of the 

 patriarchs of Moscow and the first abiding-place of the Holy 

 Synod. To the east of the Kremlin, outside the gates of the 

 Saviour and of St. Nicholas, is the well-known Red Square, 

 where much of the history of Moscow has been enacted. At 

 the end of it towards the river stands the bizarre church of 

 St. Basil the Blessed, of which Napoleon is said to have or- 

 dered : "Burn that mosque!" The Historical Museum is at 

 the other end. At the east side of the Red Square is the Loh- 

 noe Miesto or Calvary, to which the patriarchs made the Palm 

 Sunday processions, and where proclamations of death were 

 usually read in olden times. Behind it are the magnificent 

 Riady or glass-covered arcades for fine wares, while at the 

 northern entrance of the square behind the Museum is the 

 chapel of the Iberian Madonna (Iverskay a Bogoroditza), the 

 most celebrated icon in all Russia. It was sent to Moscow in 

 1648 from the Iberian monastery on Mount Athos. 



One of the most celebrated modern churches in Moscow is 

 the Temple of Our Saviour and Redeemer, built as a memorial 

 and thank ofifering in commemoration of the retreat of the 

 French from Moscow. It was consecrated in 1883, is probably 

 the most beautiful church in Russia and is filled with modern 

 art adapted to the requirements of the Greek Rite. There are 

 two Arches of Triumph in Moscow — one celebrating 1812, near 

 the Warsaw station, and the other called the Red Gate, com- 

 memorating Empress Elizabeth. At Sergievo, about forty 

 miles to the east of Moscow, is the celebrated Trinity Monas- 

 tery (Troitsa-Sergievskaya Lavra), which is intimately bound 

 up with the history of Moscow, and is one of the greatest 

 monasteries and most celebrated places of pilgrimage in Rus- 

 sia; it played a great part in the freeing of Russia from the 

 Tatar yoke. There are three Roman Catholic churches in Mos- 

 cow : the large church of St. Louis on the Malaya Lubianka, 



