i64 ANDREW J. SHIPMAN MEMORIAL 



other Slavic languages in that it, like English, has lost nearly 

 every inflection, and, like Rumanian, has the peculiarity of 

 attaching the article to the end of the word, while the other 

 Slavic tongues have no article at all. The Bulgarians who 

 have gained their freedom from Turkish supremacy in the 

 present Kingdom of Bulgaria are fairly contented ; but those in 

 Macedonia chafe bitterly against Turkish rule and form a 

 large portion of those who emigrate to America. The Bul- 

 garians are nearly all of the Greek Orthodox Church; there 

 are some twenty thousand Greek Catholics, mostly in Mace- 

 donia, and about 50,000 Roman Catholics. The Greek Patri- 

 arch of Constantinople has always claimed jurisdiction over 

 the Bulgarian Orthodox Church, and he enforced his jurisdic- 

 tion until 1872, when the Bulgarian exarch was appointed to 

 exercise supreme jurisdiction. Since that time the Bulgarians 

 have been in a state of schism to the patriarch. They are ruled 

 in Bulgaria by a Holy Synod of their own, whilst the Bulgarian 

 exarch, resident in Constantinople, is the head of the entire 

 Bulgarian Church. He is recognized by the Russian Church, 

 but is considered excommunicate by the Greek Patriarch, who, 

 however, retained his authority over the Greek-speaking 

 churches of Macedonia and Bulgaria. 



Bulgarians came to the United States as early as 1890; but 

 there were then only a few of them as students, mostly from 

 Macedonia, brought hither by mission bodies to study for the 

 Protestant ministry. The real immigration began in 1905, 

 when it seems that the Bulgarians discovered America as a 

 land of opportunity, stimulated probably by the Turkish and 

 Greek persecutions then raging in Macedonia against them. 

 The railroads and steel works in the West needed men, and 

 several enterprising steamship agents brought over Macedo- 

 nians and Bulgarians in large numbers. Before 1906 there 

 were scarcely 500 to 600 Bulgarians in the country, and these 

 chiefly in St. Louis, Missouri. Since then they have been com- 

 ing at the rate of from 8,000 to 10,000 a year, until now ( 191 1) 

 there are from 80,000 to 90,000 Bulgarians scattered through- 

 out the United States and Canada. The majority of them are 

 employed in factories, railroads, mines, and sugar works. 

 Granite City, Madison and Chicago, Illinois ; St. Louis, Mis- 

 souri ; Indianapolis, Indiana ; Steelton, Pennsylvania ; Port- 

 land, Oregon, and New York City all have a considerable Bui- 



