SLAVS IN AMERICA 165 



garian population. They also take to farming and are scat- 

 tered throughout the north-west. They now (1911) have three 

 Greek Orthodox churches in the United States, at Granite 

 City and Madison, Illinois, and at Steelton, Pennsylvania, as 

 well as several mission stations. Their clergy consist of one 

 monk and two secular priests ; and they also have a church 

 at Toronto, Canada. There are no Bulgarian Catholics, either 

 of the Greek or Roman Rite, sufficient to form a church here. 

 The Bulgarians, unlike the other Slavs, have no church or 

 benefit societies or brotherhoods in America. They publish 

 five Bulgarian papers, of which the "Naroden Glas," of Gran- 

 ite City, is the most important. 



III. — Croatians 



These are the inhabitants of the autonomous or home-rule 

 province of Croatia-Slavonia, in the south-western part of the 

 Kingdom of Hungary, where it reaches down to the Adriatic 

 Sea. It includes not only them, but also the Slavic inhabitants 

 of Istria and Dalmatia, in Austria, and those of Bosnia and 

 Herzegovina who are Catholic and use the Roman alphabet. In 

 blood and speech the Croatians and Servians are practically 

 one ; but religion and politics divide them. The former are 

 Roman Catholics and use the Roman letters ; the latter are 

 Greek Orthodox and use modified Russian letters. In many 

 of the places on the border-line school children have to learn 

 both alphabets. The English word "cravat" is derived from 

 their name, it being the Croatian neckpiece which the south 

 Austrian troops wore. Croatia-Slavonia itself has a popula- 

 tion of nearly 2,500,000 and is about one-third the size of the 

 State of New York. Croatia in the west is mountainous and 

 somewhat poor, while Slavonia in the east is level, fertile and 

 productive. Many Dalmatian Croats from seaport towns came 

 here from 1850 to 1870. The original emigration from Croa- 

 tia-Slavonia began in 1873, upon the completion of the new 

 railway connections to the seaport of Fiume, when some of 

 the more adventurous Croatians came to the United States. 

 From the early eighties the Lipa-Krbava district furnished 

 much of the emigration. The first Croatian settlements were 

 made in Calumet, Michigan, while many of them became lum- 



