170 ANDREW J. SHIPMAN MEMORIAL 



Pennsylvania and the Atlantic States ; Pittsburgh and the Mid- 

 dle West ; Western Pacific States ; Canada, and Alaska. Their 

 statistics of church population have not been published lately 

 in their year-books, and much of their growth has been of 

 late years by additions gained from the Greek Catholic 

 Ruthenians of Galicia and Hungary, and is due largely to the 

 active and energetic work and financial support of the Russian 

 church authorities at St. Petersburg and Moscow. 



They have the "Russkoye Pravoslavnoye Obshchestvo 

 Vzaimopomoshchi" (Russian Orthodox Mutual Aid Society) 

 for men, founded in 1895, ^ow (1911) having 199 councils 

 and 7,072 members, and the women's division of the same, 

 founded in 1907, with 32 councils and 690 members. They 

 publish two church papers, "American Orthodox Messenger," 

 and "Svit" ; although there are some nine other Russian papers 

 published by Jews and Socialists. 



VI. — Ruthenians 



These are the southern branch of the Russian family, ex- 

 tending from the middle of Austria-Hungary across the south- 

 ern part of Russia. The use of the adjective russky by both 

 the Ruthenians and the Russians permits it to be translated 

 into English by the word "Ruthenian" or "Russian." They 

 are also called Little Russians (Malorossiani) in the Empire 

 of Russia, and sometimes Russniaki in Hungary. The ap- 

 pellations "Little Russians" and "Ruthenians" have come to 

 have almost a technical meaning, the former indicating sub- 

 jects of the Russian Empire who are of the Greek Orthodox 

 Church, and the latter those who are in Austria-Hungary and 

 are Catholics of the Greek Rite. Those who are active in the 

 Panslavic movement and are Russophiles are very anxious 

 to have them called "Russians," no matter whence they come, 

 The Ruthenians are of the original Russo-Slavic race, and 

 gave their name to the peoples making up the present Russian 

 Empire. They are spread all over the southern part of Rus- 

 sia, in the provinces of Kieflf, KharkoflF, Tchernigoff, Poltava, 

 Podolia, and Volhynia, but by force of governmental pres- 

 sure and restrictive laws are being slowly made into Great 

 Russians. Only within the past five years has the use of their 



