192 ANDREW J. SHIPMAN MEMORIAL 



nitzki, Bishop of Przemysl, joined the union, and in 1700 Jo- 

 seph Shumlanski, Bishop of Lemberg (it was afterwards re- 

 stored to metropolitan dignity by the Pope in 1807), also took 

 the oath of union with the Holy See. From that time till now 

 the Russians on the northern slopes of the Carpathian Moun- 

 tains and on both sides of the River Dniester have been united 

 with Rome. On the southern side of the Carpathians the Rus- 

 sians also accepted the union. In the year 1636 Vassili Taraso- 

 vitch, Bishop of Munkacs, acknowledged the Pope as the head 

 of the Church and for it he was persecuted, imprisoned, and 

 forced to resign his see. But union with the Holy See could 

 not be stayed by such means, and on April 24, 1646, it was 

 accomplished in the city of Ungvar by Peter Rostoshinski, the 

 then Bishop of Munkacs, and George Yakusitch, Bishop of 

 Agri (Erlau). These two bishops in solemn council, with 

 sixty-three priests, abjured the schism and confessed them- 

 selves Greek clergy holding the Faith of Sts. Cyril and Me- 

 thodius in communion with Rome. Since that time the Ru- 

 thenian people (including the Greek Slovaks) in the Kingdom 

 of Hungary have acknowledged the Pope as the visible head 

 of the undivided Catholic Church. 



These Ruthenians have continued to practice their ancient 

 Greek-Slavonic rites and usages, and their forms of worship 

 introduced into the United States seem strange to the Catholic 

 accustomed only to the Roman Rite, and have made them ob- 

 jects of distrust and even active dislike, so that a few of the 

 most salient differences may be pointed out, although a full 

 statement will be found in the various articles on the Eastern 

 rites, ceremonies and vestments. The Mass itself is said in 

 ancient Slavonic, the altar is separated from the body of the 

 church by a high partition called the iconostasis, upon which 

 the pictures of Christ and His Mother, as well as various 

 saints, are placed, and the vestments of the Mass are quite dif- 

 ferent. The stole is a broad band looped around the neck and 

 hanging straight down in front, the chasuble is cut away at 

 the front and closely resembles the Roman cope, and instead 

 of the maniple two broad cuffs are worn, while a broad belt 

 takes the place of the girdle or cincture. Married men may 

 be ordained to the diaconate and priesthood ; but bishops must 

 be celibate, nor can a deacon or priest marry after ordination. 

 Priests impart the Sacrament of Confirmation to children im- 



