228 ANDREW J. SHIPMAN MEMORIAL 



and Transylvania, who are schismatic, use the Rumanian lan- 

 guage in the Greek Rite ; but the Rumanians of Transylvania, 

 who are Catholic, do the same. The Orthodox Greeks of 

 Greece and Turkey use the original Greek of their rite ; but 

 the Italo-Greeks of Italy and Sicily and the Greeks of Con- 

 stantinople, who are Catholic, use it also. The Syro-Arabians 

 of Syria and Egypt, who are schismatic, use the Arabic in the 

 Greek Rite ; but the Catholic Melchites likewise use it. 



The numerous emigrants from these countries to America 

 have brought with them their Byzantine Rite with all its local 

 peculiarities and its language. In some respects the environ- 

 ment of a people professing the Greek Rite in union with the 

 Holy See but in close touch with their countrymen of the 

 Roman Rite has tended to change in unimportant particulars 

 several of the ceremonies and sometimes particular phrases of 

 the rite, but not to a greater extent than the various Schismatic 

 Churches have changed the language and ceremonies in their 

 several national Churches. Where this has occurred in the 

 Greek Churches united with the Holy See, it has been fiercely 

 denounced as latinizing, but, where it has occurred in Russia, 

 Bulgaria or Syria, it is simply regarded by the same de- 

 nouncers as a mere expression of nationalism. There is in 

 the aggregate a larger number of Catholics of the Byzantine 

 Rite in America than of the Orthodox. The chief nationali- 

 ties there which are Catholic are the Ruthenians, Rumanians, 

 Alelchites and Italo-Greeks ; the principal Orthodox ones are 

 the Russians, Greeks, Syro-Arabians, Servians, Rumanians, 

 Bulgarians and Albanians. As emigration from those lands 

 increases daily, and the representatives of those rites are in- 

 creasing in numbers and prosperity, a still wider expansion 

 of the Greek Rite in the United States may be expected. Al- 

 ready the Russian Orthodox Church has a strong hierarchy, 

 an ecclesiastical seminary and monasteries, supported chiefly 

 by the Holy Synod and the Orthodox Missionary Society of 

 Russia, and much proselytizing is carried on among the Greek 

 Catholics. The latter are not in such a favorable position ; they 

 have no home governmental support, but have had to build 

 and equip their own institutions out of their own slender 

 means. The Holy See has provided a bishop for them, but 

 the Russians have stirred up dissensions and made his position 

 as difficult as possible among his own people. The Hellenic 



