230 ANDREW J. SHIPMAN MEMORIAL 



and Pater Noster are nearly always given in Karslumi, in- 

 stead of the original Arabic. 



The form of the Liturgy or Mass is that of St. James, so 

 called because of the tradition that it originated with St. James 

 the Less, Apostle and Bishop of Jerusalem. It is the type 

 form of the Syriac Rite, but the Maronite Use has accommo- 

 dated it more and more to the Roman. This form of the 

 Liturgy of St. James constitutes the Ordinary of the Mass, 

 which is always said in the same manner, merely changing the 

 epistles and gospels according to the Christian year. But the 

 Syrians, whether of the Maronite, Syrian, Catholic or Syro- 

 Chaldaic rite, have the peculiarity (not found in other litur- 

 gies) of inserting different anaphoras or canons of the Mass, 

 composed at various times by different Syrian saints; these 

 change according to the feast celebrated, somewhat analo- 

 gously to the Preface in the Roman Rite. The principal an- 

 aphoras or canons of the Mass used by the Maronites are: (i) 

 the Anaphora according to the Order of the Holy Catholic and 

 Roman Church, the Mother of all the Churches; (2) the 

 Anaphora of St. Peter, the Head of the Apostles; (3) the 

 Anaphora of the Twelve Apostles ; (4) the Anaphora of St. 

 James the Apostle, brother of the Lord; (5) the Anaphora of 

 St. John the Apostle and Evangelist; (6) the Anaphora of 

 St. Mark the EvangeHst ; (7) the Anaphora of St. Xystus, the 

 Pope of Rome; (8) the Anaphora of St. John surnamed Maro, 

 from whom they derive their name; (9) the Anaphora of St. 

 John Chrysostom; (10) the Anaphora of St. Basil; (11) the 

 Anaphora of St. Cyril; (12) the Anaphora of St. Dionysius; 

 (13) the Anaphora of John of Harran, and (14) the Anaphora 

 of Marutha of Tagrith. Besides these they have also a form 

 of liturgy of the Presanctified for Good Friday, after the 

 Roman custom. Frequent use of incense is a noticeable fea- 

 ture of the Maronite Mass. and not even in low Mass is the 

 incense omitted. In their form of church building the Maro- 

 nites have nothing special like the Greeks with their iconostasis 

 and square altar, or the Armenians with their curtains, but 

 build their churches very much as Latins do. While the sacred 

 vestments are hardly distinguishable from those of the Roman 

 Church, in some respects they approach the Greek form. The 

 alb, the girdle and the maniple or cuffs on each hand, a peculiar 

 form of amice, the stole (sometimes in Greek and sometimes 



