238 ANDREW J. SHIPMAN MEMORIAL 



Syria and Western Mesopotamia, whereas the Maronites live 

 principally on Mount Lebanon and the sea coast of Syria. 

 The Syriac Mass and liturgy is, like the Maronite (which is 

 but a variation of it), the Liturgy of St. James, Apostle and 

 Bishop of Jerusalem. For this reason, but principally for the 

 reason that Jacob Baradaeus and the greater part of the Syriac 

 Church embraced the Monophysite heresy of Eutyches, the 

 schismatic branch of this rite are called Jacobites, although 

 they call themselves Suriani or Syrians. Thus we have in the 

 three Syrian rites the historic remembrance of the three great- 

 est heresies of the early Church after it had become well-de- 

 veloped. Nestorians and Chaldeans represent Nestorianism 

 and the return to Catholicism ; Jacobites and Syro-Catholics 

 represent Monophysitism and the return to Catholicism; the 

 Maronites represent a vanished Monothelitism now wholly 

 Catholic. The Syro-Catholics like the Maronites vary the 

 Ordinary of their Mass by a large number of anaphoras or 

 canons of the Mass, containing changeable forms of the con- 

 secration service. The Syro-Catholics confine themselves to 

 the anaphoras of St. John the Evangelist, St. James, St. Peter, 

 St. John Chrysostom, St. Xystus the Pope of Rome, St. Mat- 

 thew and St. Basil; but the schismatic Jacobites not only use 

 these, but have a large number of others, some of them not 

 yet in print, amounting perhaps to thirty or more. The epis- 

 tles, gospels and many well-known prayers of the Mass are 

 said in Arabic instead of the ancient Syriac. The form of 

 their church vestments is derived substantially from the Greek 

 or Byzantine Rite. Their church hierarchy in union with the 

 Holy See consists of the Syrian Patriarch of Antioch with 

 three archbishops (of Bagdad, Damascus and Homs) and five 

 bishops (of Aleppo, Beirut, Gezireh, Mardin-Diarbekir and 

 Mossul). The number of Syro-Catholics is about 25,000 fami- 

 lies, and of the Jacobites about 80,000 to 85,000 persons. 



There are about sixty persons of the Syro-Catholic Rite in 

 the eastern part of the United States, of whom forty live in 

 Brooklyn, New York. They are mostly from the Diocese of 

 Aleppo, and their emigration thither began only about five 

 years ago. They have organized a church, although there is 

 but one priest of their rite in the United States, Rev. Paul 

 Kassar, from Aleppo, an alumnus of the Propaganda at Rome. 

 He is a mission priest engaged in looking after his countrymen 



