MAN AND BRUTE, g 



Enormous as the difference undoubtedly is between these 

 faculties in the two cases, the difference is conceded not to be 

 one of kind a^ initio. On the contrary, it is conceded that up 

 to a certain point — namely, as far as the highest degree of 

 intelligence to which an animal attains — there is not merely 

 a similarity of kind, but an identity of correspondence. 

 In other words, the parallel between animal and human 

 intelligence which is presented in my Diagram, and to which 

 -allusion has already been made, is not disputed. The 

 question, therefore, only arises with reference to those super- 

 added faculties which are represented above the level marked 

 28, where the upward growth of animal intelligence ends, and 

 the growth of distinctively human intelligence begins. But 

 even at level 28 the human mind is already in possession of 

 many of its most useful faculties, and these it does not after- 

 wards shed, but carries them upwards with it in the course of 

 its further development — as we well know by observing the 

 psychogencsis of every child. Now, it belongs to the very 

 essence of evolution, considered as a process, that when one 

 order of existence passes on to higher grades of excellence, 

 it does so upon the foundation already laid by the previous 

 course of its progress ; so that when compared with any 

 allied order of existence which has not been carried so far in 

 this upward course, a more or less close parallel admits of 

 being traced between the two, up to the point at which the 

 one begins to distance the other, where all further comparison 

 admittedly ends. Therefore, upon the face of them, the facts 

 of comparative psychology now before us are, to say the 

 least, strongly suggestive of the superadded powers of the 

 human intellect having been due to a process of evolution. 



Lest it should be thought that in this preliminary sketch 

 of the resemblances between human and brute psychology I 

 have been endeavouring to draw the lines with a biased hand, 



begging sense : I am using it only to avoid the otherwise necessary expedient of 

 coining a new term. Whatever view we may take as to the relations between 

 human and animal psychology, we must in some way distinguish between the 

 different ingredients of each, and so between the instinct, the emotion, and the 

 intelligence of an animal. See Mental Evolution in Animals^ p. 335, et seq. 



