GENERAL SUMMARY AND CONCLUDING REMARKS. 393 



Again, with respect to the Will, no argument can arise 

 touching the identity of animal and human volition up to the 

 point where the latter is alleged to take on the attribute of 

 freedom — which, as we saw, under any view depends on the 

 intellectual powers of introspective thought. 



There remain, then, only these intellectual powers of 

 introspective Thought, plus the faculties of Morality and 

 Religion. Now, it is evident that, whatever we may severally 

 conclude as touching the distinctive value of the two latter, 

 we must all agree that a prime condition to the possibility of 

 either resides in the former : without the powers of intellect 

 which are competent to frame the abstract ideation that is 

 concerned both in morals and religion, it is manifest that 

 neither could exist. Therefore, in logical order, it is these 

 powers of intellect that first fall to be considered. In 

 subsequent parts of this work I shall fully deal both with 

 morals and religion : in the present part I am concerned only 

 with the intellect. 



And here it is, as I have acknowledged, that the great 

 psychological distinction is to be found. Nevertheless, even 

 here it must be conceded that up to a certain point, as 

 between the brute and the man, there is not merely a 

 similarity of kind, but an identity of correspondence. The 

 distinction only arises with reference to those super-added 

 faculties of ideation which occur above the level marked 28 

 in my diagram — i.e. where the upward growth of animal 

 intelligence ends, and the development of distinctively human 

 faculty begins. So that in the case of intellect, no less than 

 in that of emotion, instinct, and volition, there can be no 

 doubt that the human mind runs exactly parallel with the 

 animal, up to the place where these superadded powers of 

 intellect begin to supervene. Therefore, upon the face of 

 them, the facts of comparative psychology thus far, to say the 

 least, are strongly suggestive of these superadded powers 

 having been due to a process of continued evolution. 



So much, then, for the points of agreement between 

 animal and human psychology. Turning next to the points 



