SAMPLES OF ROOTS. 



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Necklace, or moniliform root is a tuberous root regularly connected 

 by fibers, like a necklace. Sometimes the small tubers 

 grow in clusters, or are scattered on the radicles like 

 grains, and hence are called granulated roots, as many 

 of the grasses, wood sorrel, etc. 



Fig 7. Handshape, or palmated root, oblong fleshy tubers, 

 parted like fingers, as orchis, dahlia, etc. 



Bulbous roots are of several kinds. 



Fig. 8. Solid bulb) uniformly fleshy, as turnip, crocus, 

 etc. But one root is attached to a plant, Many inhabit 

 sandy barren places. 



Fig. 9. Tunicated root, consisting of many con- 

 centric layers, one over another, as onions. 



Fig. 10. Scaly bulb, consisting of scales connected at 

 the base, overlaying one another, as white lily. Some 

 small bulbs are connected in the same coating as in the 

 garlic. 



Bulbs are analogous to buds or turions, and are re- 

 servoirs of nourishment for the germ and future plant 

 during the winter. Sometimes they grow on the stalk 

 and take root, as the orange lily. Bulbs generally 

 die before winter. They are important articles of 

 food, generally. Tulip roots are thus used in Italy. 

 Bulbs are dried in the sun, baked, powdered and made 

 into bread, or eaten boiled or roasted. The bulb of 

 the onion, leek and garlic, are well known. 



Bulbous roots belong to the great divisions of mono-cotyledons with 

 one seed-lobe, as the hyacinth, lily, etc. Bulbs growing on the stem 

 or branches, take root on falling to the ground, producing its offspring 

 alive, thus being viviparous instead of producing by seeds, or oviparous. 

 Roots of this kind appear to have for their object the 

 protection of the young plant from wet and cold. 

 Fig. 11. Creeping or Repent root, creeping hori- 

 zontally or just under the surface of the ground. 

 Bulbs sometimes die after they have blossomed, and others are formed 

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