CLASSES. 95 



constitute a 4th part of the vegetable kingdom. The umbelliferous 

 family of plants, as parsnip, celery, parsley ; also aromatics, as dill, 

 fennel, caraway, are of the 2d order of this class. 



6th class, 5 orders ; 1st, as the lily tribe, tulip, crown imperial, hy- 

 acynth, pine-apple ; the family of palms, onion, bulrush, squill, bar- 

 berry. 2d, as rice. 3d, as dock, sorrel, meadow-saffron. 4th, (6 

 pistils,) as 5th, Polygynia, (many pistils,) as water plantain. 



7th class, 4 orders ; 1st, as horse-chestnut, chick-wintergreen. 2d, 

 as limeum. 3d, as Or. Heptagynia, (1 pistils,) as septas. This is 

 the smallest class and without natural families. 



8th class, 4 orders ; 1st as bilberry, evening primrose, nasturtion, 

 heaths. 2d, as 3d, as buckwheat, water-pepper. 4th, as paris. 



9th class, 3 orders ; 1st, as sassafras, camphor, cinnamon, cashew- 

 nut of W. I. 2d, as 3d, as flowering rush, rhubarb, etc. 



10th class, 5 orders ; 1st, as laurel, rue, wild indigo, winter-green, 

 venus's fly-trap, rose tree. 2d, as pink, hydrangia. 3d, as silene, 

 sandwort. 4th, Pentagynia, (5 pistils,) as stone crop, corn-cockle, 

 sorrel. 5th, Decagynia, (10 pistils,) as Virginia pokeweed. 



llth class, 6 orders; 1st, as prickly pear tribe, or cactus, plum, 

 cherry, peach. 2d, as agrimony. 3d, as spurge, migniotte. 4th, as 

 5th, as 6th, Dodecagynia, as house-leek. But recent botanists 

 include from one to 6 of these orders under one, called Di-pentagynia, 

 signifying from 2 to 5 pistils, and they give an additional order, Poly- 

 gynia, in which are the rose tribe, blackberry, and strawberry. This 

 class furnishes more fine fruits than any other. 



12th class, (Stamens separate from the calyx and attached to the 

 receptacle, or top of the flower, the number of stamens varying from 

 20 to several hundreds. The class has few fruits, but many poison- 

 ous and active plants. It is said that no plants with the stamens on the 

 calyx are poisonous. 5 orders; 1st, as mandrake, side-saddle, white 

 pond lily, tea-tree, poppy, the genus citrus, containing the lemon and 

 orange. The 4 succeeding orders are Di-pentagynia, from 2 to 5 pis- 

 tils, as the poisonous Larkspur, monk's-hood, columbine, etc. Or. 

 Polygynia, as the peony, clematis, hellebore, magnolia, tulip tree. 



13th class, (founded on the number and relative length of the sta- 

 mens and the orders on the enclosure of the seeds in the pericarp, or 

 without it, and the comparative length of the pod.) Flowers with 4 

 stamens, 2 long and 2 short, the outer 2 longest. 2 orders, Gymno- 

 spermia, (seeds naked, or without a pericarp,) and angiospermia, (seeds 

 in a pericarp.) 1st, as the peppermint, lavender, savory, majorum, 

 thyme, penny-royal, catmint, hoarhound, scull cap, blue gentian, (plants 

 with labiate corollas.) 2d, (plants with many seeds in a capsule, but 

 none used in food ; yet some are medicinal, as fox-glove, cancer-root ; 

 some fine flowers as geradia, trumpet-flower, etc. 



14th class (cruciform plants, with 4 petals and 6 stamens, 4 long 



