ENGLISH CROPS AND IMPORTS. 15 



from the fact that in 1838 our exportation of wheat and flour was but 

 6,291 bushels of the former, and 448,161 barrels of the latter; 

 while in 1790 (49 years previous) we exported 1,124,458 bushels of 

 wheat and 724,623 barrels of flour. The average annual exportation 

 of wheat during all that period was 209,666 bushels and of flour 

 877,000 barrels. It would appear further that the amount of exports 

 of wheat, during the eight years prior to 1839, from the United States, 

 was not equal to that exported from the single state of Pensylvania 

 more than 100 years ago ; nor, during the last 25 years (two years 

 excepted) have the exports from the country equalled those from Pen- 

 sylvania 60 years ago. The exports of flour have been less also than 

 they were 50 years since, yet the price has increased up to 1840. The 

 average annual inspections for the 10 years previous to 1 840 were 

 nearly alike. The number of barrels inspected in 1838 was 2,546,079, 

 while the exportations were but 448, 161 barrels, leaving for home con- 

 sumption 1,097,818 barrels. But the inspections afford no just esti- 

 mate of the flour manufactured. 



Estimate of foreign grains Of the 57 millions of acres in Great 



Britain, 13 millions are incapable of culture, and 10 millions are waste 

 land ; the present population is therefore supported by 34 millions of 

 acres, or twenty persons by every 34 acres. If all the waste lands 

 were cultivated, not over 6 millions more could be supported ; so that, 

 at the present increas-e, the consumption will have reached the utmost 

 production of the land in 20 years, or in 1860. One crop in seven fails 

 in England. The crop of 1840, in the whole kingdom, was 320 mil- 

 lions of bushels, and in 1841, 86 millions less. The yearly consumption 

 of wheat in Great Britain is 104 millions. In 1841, 21,604,840 bushels 

 were imported into England, of which, 2,528,600 were from the United 

 States; but in 1840, 6,831,000 bushels were from the United States. 

 The exports of wheat and flour from Canada to Great Britain, in 1835, 

 were 88,695 cwt. of wheat and 48,811 of flour. From 1828 to 1839, 

 Great Britain raised enough for her consumption only 4 years out of 

 the 12, and in two of every three years she imports 10 per cent, of 

 all her home consumption. Great Britain imported in 1840, Wheat, 

 of bushels, 9.931.688; beans, 514.864; peas, 238.784 ; Rice, 265.642 

 IDS., and wheat flour, 456.74 cwt. 



The English include the products of Peas and Beans in their esti- 

 mates of grains ; so that, of 44 millions of bushels estimated as the an- 

 nual consumption of the kingdom some years since, 14,880,000 bushels 

 were of peas and beans ; and the proportion of wheat was but 12 mil- 

 lions. Half of the grain crop is said not to be brought to market. In 

 1831 the importation of grain was 28,000,000 of bushels, about a sev- 

 enth part of the produce brought to market. In 1835 the quantity of 

 grain sent from Ireland to Great Britain was 21,352.104 bushels ; 

 5,294,208 of which were wheat, and 14,581,648 oats. It is estimated 



