The Awakeninof of China. 



responsibilities and the latent strength she possesses, apparently 

 realising that to get at the root of the evil she must first purify 

 her system of administration, corrupt and rotten to the core. 

 This in a small way she is endeavouring to do, though time 

 is needed to cleanse and remodel a system in vogue for 

 centuries. 



With the formation of the New Model troops, the management 

 of schools on modern lines, and reforms in the administration, signs 

 are not wanting that China aspires to a place amongst the Powers. 

 During my travels in Chinese Turkistan and other parts of the 

 Celestial Empire, I met many Chinese officials who showed a 

 desire to raise their country above its present low level, some 

 even holding advanced European ideas. 



Two days after my arrival in Kashgar Captain Shuttleworth 

 kindly accompanied me in a call on the Chinese officials, for 

 which purpose we donned our full-dress uniforms, Giyani accom- 

 panying and looking as usual very smart. 



To differentiate between the various grades in the Chinese official 

 classes is a difficult matter to the uninitiated, but I would here 

 remark that Chinese Turkistan forms the New Dominion of the 

 Celestial Empire and is administered by a Viceroy resident at Lan- 

 chufu, in Western China. The actual Governor of Turkistan resides 

 at Urumchi, the headquarters of the provincial government. The 

 province is further divided into four districts, Kashgar, Aksu, 

 Kulja and Urumchi, each presided over by a Taotai. Sub- 

 ordinate to the Taotais are other officials in charge of towns, 

 sub-districts and the various departments of the governmental 

 machine. We visited all those resident in Kashgar at the time, 

 including the Hsei Tai (Colonel Commanding the Kashgar 

 garrison), the Hsein Kuan (City Magistrate), Tung Shan (Official 

 for Foreign Affairs), and the Governor of the city. The Taotai 

 of the Kashgar district, who administers the adjacent districts 

 of Yangi Hissar, Yarkand and Maralbashi, resides in the Yangi 

 Shahr, or New City, six miles outside Kashgar itself. All these 

 officials returned my call, and much impressed me with their 



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