1S47.] Indelible Ink. 59 



observed, it appears without a foundation — it has all been built 

 upon defective observations and unphilosophical views. 



Another fact which seems to be established in respect to varie- 

 ties is, that the true and real variety subsists by itseli, and it can- 

 not be maintained in an intermetiiate state for a great length of 

 time. The variety may die out and leave a blank, just as a 

 species dies out. Some varieties of the dog have already nearly, 

 and have perhaps entirely disappeared. One variety of the hu- 

 man race is verging to an extermination. This is owing to the 

 narrow range of the constitutional susceptibilities. They are un- 

 fitted, or less fitted for that wide civilization which characterizes 

 the European. Their civilization must bedifferent in kind. In at- 

 tempting to force upon them European civilization suddenly, too 

 much violence is done to the associations which surround them, 

 in which they have grown up. The specific character of the 

 red men of the forest, those which place him in the species, man, 

 are as strong and pure as in the European or Caucassian. 



V.'e remark again, that specific character is never destroyed by 

 external influences. In those instances where a species is change- 

 able and readily breaks up into groups whose characteristics a.e 

 transmitted from parents to offspring, the specific character is 

 never uprooted; in fact, these peculiar changes must be regarded 

 as a part of the specific character. It is true, that those charac- 

 teristics are not readily expressed or measured; and hence are 

 loosely estimated; or, indeed are noticed only as accidents which 

 have happened, but which are not determined by law. Lastly, 

 it is not difficult to see, that the loss or extermination of a species, 

 may take place without violence; indeed, in the whole range of 

 geological dynamics, Vv-e have no evidence that an entire race, or 

 a species, has been destroyed by a sudden catastrophe. Individu- 

 als perish, but the race lives. Catastrophes are local, never 

 general; hence the species survive. The power, then, which ex- 

 terminates a species, operates gradually; the final result is brouo-l.t 

 about slowly; it is a wasting process which only shows itself in 

 the movement of cycles, not one which prostrates a race in a day. 



Indelible Ink. — Add lampblack and indigo to a solution of 

 the gluten of wheat in acetic acid. It is of a beautiful black and 

 cannot be removed by water, chlorine, or dilute acids. 



Another process is to free the gluten of wheat from its starch 

 and dissolve it in acetic acid. The solution is then mixed with 

 sufficient rain water to bring it to the strength of common vinegar, 

 and lOgrs. of the best lampblack, or 2grs. of indigo water added to 

 each 4oz. of the liquid, &c., with oil of cloves. It is not used for 

 marking linen, as it will not bear mechanical force. 



