1847.] 



Hydraulics for Farmers. 



307 



Ellsworth's Ram— Fij: <) 

 Its construction may be seen from the above sectional draw- 

 ings, where a 6 is a hollow dome or cap, the cavity of which is 

 divided into two distinct chambers by a partition, c. This dome 

 is fastened by a flanged joint, to the circular plate d d, to receive 

 the bearing of the partition, c. The central portion of plate d d 

 is sunk into the form of a box or chest, gf; that part of which 

 lying under chamber a, is roofed over by d d, but communicates 

 with a, by a valve, ??, opening upwards. That portion of the 

 chest marked g, is still further enclosed by an upright plate, m, 

 held to its place by a couple of w^edges, not shown in the section. 

 This plate has an orifice at o, furnished wnth a valve opening to- 

 wards g, which is suspended on the spring, l. From y* passes h, 

 the long leg of the syphon, and from g, i, the short leg. In ope- 

 rating the machine, i and fi are first filled with water through the 

 screw-plug at e; as soon as the syphon is free to act, a current 

 commences in the direction, i, g,f, h. It is this current, acting 

 on the valve at g, soon overcomes the elasticity of the spring, /, 

 and the orifice, o, is suddenly closed: the water in i then acts with 

 a momentum due to its weight and upward velocity, upon the 

 valve n, and a quantity of water escapes into a, which, when the 

 momentum in / is exhausted, is prevented from returning by the 

 closing of n. The moment that n closes, a slight recoil of the 

 water in i, allows I to throw open the valve at g, and the above 

 process is then repeated. The water which accumulates in a, is 

 conducted by a curved pipe attached at k, to any situation above 

 the machine where it may be wanted for use. The chambers a 

 and h, are never full of water; they confine each a quantity of 

 air, which, by its elasticity, equalizes the currents through k and 

 h. These air-chambers are both indispensable to the perfect action 

 of the machine, and if k and h are of considerable length, it will 

 not operate at all when they are filled with water. The air in a 

 is obviously under more or less pressure, in proportion to the 



