312 Hydraulics for Farmers. [June, 



The operation of this machine is the same as those before de- 

 scribed. 



" In the machine we saw, the strokes were seventy each min- 

 ute, and plainly heard at the distance of one hundred and fifty 

 feet. In the course of two or three minutes the pipe J, became 

 full, and ran over the top. On measuring the quantity of water 

 which was thus thrown up in twelve minutes, seventy-three feet 

 above the level in the cask, it was found to be four gallons; and as 

 during the twelve minutes, ninety -six gallons of water had passed 

 from the water cask, into the ram, it appears that it required 

 twenty-three gallons of water to raise one gallon to ten and a 

 half times its own height." 



"This experiment was continued and the same quantity of wa- 

 ter, four gallons, v^^as thrown up sixty -six feet high, in eleven min- 

 utes; fifty-three feet high, in seven minutes, and forty -two feet, in 

 four minutes. Thus, in the first trial, the machine required twen- 

 ty-eight gallons of water to throw up four gallons to six times the 

 height of the fall. It would have been easy to have made the head 

 of water ten, twenty, or thirty feet high, and a series of interest- 

 ing experiments might be made to ascertain experimentally the 

 relative differences in the momentum of the water descending 

 from a greater or less distance; the fall of seven feet, however, 

 was preferred, in order to give the machines the ability to throw 

 up water to more than ten times the height of the fall, a difference 

 which would not often occur. Whether a fall of seventy feet in- 

 stead of seven, would have thrown up the same relative quantity 

 of water four hundred and twenty feet is a question we confess we 

 are not able to solve." 



"The (driving) pipe E, it is found, must be thirty or forty feet 

 long, or the valve G, will not work; almost all the water ran out 

 of it, when the water cask was put directly over the ram. The valve 

 made fifty strokes per minute. It is not necessary to have the pipe 

 E a perfectly straight one, but it maybe bent to suit the inequali- 

 ties of the ground, and may even be bent at right angles, as shown 

 in the sketch K. It is far better, though, to have the pipe 

 straighten" 



The hydraulic ram, when properly constructed, it is said, is not 

 liable to get out of order, or to require repairs; lapse of time or 

 muddy water passing through them may give occasion for trifling 

 repairs, and when these become necessary the machine can be 

 easily detached from the pipes and carried in one hand for conve- 

 nient repairing. It is also said the height to which one of these 

 machines can raise water is limited only by the power of valves 

 and pipes to resist the pressure. A moderate sized one has been 

 made to send water to a perpendicular height of three hundred feet. 

 On this principle, works have been erected at Marley, in France, 



