1847.] Hydraulics for Farmers. 313 



which raised water in a continuous stream, to the height of one 

 hundred and eighty-seven feet. Indeed, a ram has been made in 

 England, to raise one hundred hogsheads of water to a perpendicu- 

 lar height of one hundred and thirty-four feet, in twenty-four 

 hours, with a head of only four and an half feet. 



There are two rules for ascertaining how much a given stream 

 of water will raise. First, find how many times higher the wa- 

 ter is to be raised than the fall of the driving power; then by ad- 

 ding an 0, to the number, and dividing by 7, you can ascertain 

 the number of gallons that will be required to force up a single 

 gallon of water. 



Second, " measure the amount of water discharged by the 

 stream in a given time. Ascertain the greatest amount of head 

 or fall that can be obtained, and the elevation to which the -water 

 is to be raised. Then divide the elevation by the head or fall, 

 and the amount of water by the quotient. Deduct 30 per cent, 

 from this result and it will give th?; amount delivered in the given 

 time. For example, suppose an elevation of sixty feet, with a 

 fall of five feet. The supply four gallons per minute, or five thou- 

 sand seven hundred and sixty gallons per day. 



Then 5)60=: 12; then 12—2760=480; deduct 30 per cent, 

 which leaves 336 gallons per day. 



If the machine is properly made and put up, it is said this rule 

 may be depended on." 



In a letter from Mr. Birkinbine, we are advised that one of his 

 rams is now in operation, raising with a two-inch supply pipe B, 

 over five thousand gallons of water per day, thirty feet high. 



The simplicity of the machine and its operation, proves its ef- 

 fectiveness as well as its durability, and shows the very small 

 amount of attention and repairs it will require to keep it in order. 

 The ram and pipes should of course be laid under ground, beyond 

 the reach of frost. 



The very small expense of a ram, and pipes necessary to work 

 it, being in most cases less than that of a wheel and pump, are 

 strong inducements to adopt it in preference. 



Persons wishing Rams sent to them — by measuring the amount 

 of water (unless the supply is unlimited) their brook or spring af- 

 fords per minute, the head or fall they can procure, the elevation 

 to be overcome, and the distance to be conveyed — can have the 

 proper Ram and pipe sent them, with directions for putting it up. 



Rams (see Fig. 1), and Strode's Pneumato Hydraulic Engines, 

 are manufactured and for sale by Henry P. Birkinbine, No. 17 

 South Eighth street, Philadelphia. 



