1847.] Geology of Lewis County. 317 



Some thick layers of this rock, about the middle of the series, 

 furnish, \vhen sawed and polished, a beautiful grey marble,' varie- 

 gated with various shades of white and black, from the fossils 

 contained, which sometimes appear to have made up the entire 

 mass of the rock Its prevailing color has given it the popular 

 name of " Grey limestone," by which it is known wherever it 

 occurs; and the birdseye is known as the " Blue limestone," for 

 a similar reason. 



Wherever observed, its strata are horizontal, (local exceptions 

 being common;) and from the unbroken condition of its fossils, 

 and the uniformity of its stratification, we may infer that it was 

 deposited in deep water, and beyond those influences which agi- 

 tate the sea near its surface. 



A very singular phenomenon is presented by some of the lower 

 strata of the Trenton limestone, and one which has been observed 

 at places many miles distant from each other, yet all having that 

 uniformity of character which seems to indicate a common origin. 

 I here refer to the existence of furrowed strata, whose upper sur- 

 face presents a peculiar waved appearance, exactly the same as 

 W'Ould be seen if the surface of a lake, covered with waves three 

 or four inches high, were suddenly congealed. 



These may be observed near the bottom of the cliffs at Deer 

 river falls, about a mile west of Champion village, at the point 

 w^here the Deer river is crossed by the State road, and on both 

 branches of the Lowville creek, above the village. The direction 

 of these furrows is nearly east and west, at the first two localities; 

 northeast at the third, and north at the fourth. 



Along Deer river, they may be observed at several different 

 levels, indicating a succession of the causes that produced them, 

 with intervening periods of cessation. Whether these waves 

 were produced by currents of water moving over what was then 

 the surface, and before it had been consolidated, or whether they 

 were produced under other conditions, we may not be able to de- 

 termine, with our present knowledge, further than that such causes 

 operated but for short periods, and that they were followed by the 

 deposition of strata on which they ditl not operate. Local dis- 

 turbances in the strata of Tienton limestone, may be seen at four 

 diflferent places on Roaring brook, in Martinsburgh, below the 

 village; iDelow the village of Turin, near the mills; and at a few 

 other localities. Near Turin village there seems to have been a 

 fracture and subsidence on the northern side of the fault; but this, 

 like all the other derangements of the strata observed, may be 

 limited in extent. 



In one locality, the strata had heaved up into a dome-shaped 

 mass, which was made up of fragments of rock, variously in- 



