AMERICAN JOURNAL 



AGRICULTURE AND SCIENCE. 



No. XIX. NOVEMBER, 1847. 



BRAND IN THE CEREALS. 



BY E. GOODRICH SMITH, OF THE PATENT OFFICE. 

 [Continued from page 122.] 



III. The Barley Brand. Flng Brand, JVagcl Brand, Rttss Brand, 

 Rust, Staub Brand. French — La Retiadaire des Bles, Char- 

 bon, JVielle, Fuligme, Uredo segetum,(^Pers.) or Uredo Iiordei.* 



Plate II. Figs. 1—8. 



The brand which has its seat in the ears of barley, as we have 

 already mentioned, is by not a few naturalists confounded with 

 many of the other species of brand, which are found in our culti- 

 vated grasses. Like the wheat, oat, and millet brands, it inhabits 

 the floral parts, {bluthentheile) of the barley, but it causes the 

 most peculiar appearances in the fruit knots, in which it lodges 

 itself. The wheat and oat brands in general, wholly destroy the 

 fruit knots of these two kinds of grain, without causing any new 

 organic formations, except that of the brand. But the case is 

 entirely ditfierent, with the barley brand. Here are developed in 

 the fruit knots, new organs, not belonging to the brand, which in 

 the normal state are w^anting in the fruit knots as well as in the 

 seed. Between the layers of brand are formed woody bundles, 

 (Plate II, Fig. 7, d, d), of w^hich, on the closest examination into 

 the young seed (the fruit knots), or in the ripe grain, not a trace 

 exists. 



If, too, we examine the fruit knots of barley (Fig. 1), in the 

 early state and cut off a section (Fig. 2), below the middle of the 

 little shield, (schildchen) covering the germ, (embryo) we find 

 neither in the albumen, nor in the germ (embryo) itself when 

 moderately magnified, any woody bundles. In order to illustrate 

 this deficiency of woody bundles as much as possible, I magnified 

 the section in Fig. 2, which lies between the brackets a, a, and is 



*Tessier. Traite des maladies des grains, page 306, Fig. 2—4. 



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