1847.] Brand 111 the (Jereals. ' 181 



while they form long, delicate stalks, on which they stand singly. 

 But from these stalks also spreads downward through the layers 

 g, and h, of the mother fungus, a fibrous tissue formed of divided 

 fibrous cells, which branch out in many ways (Fig. 10, e), break 

 through and interweave the cellular tissue of the grasses, and thus 

 crowd into the vacancies and hollow spaces of the haulm. Often 

 they press through the entire substance of the plant and form, 

 particularly on the leaves of the grasses, beneath the upper skin 

 of the opposite surfaces of the leaves, only patches of the stalk 

 brand; which then commonly is wanting in the previous red rust. 

 But frequently the upper skin of the opposite surface remains un- 

 injured (Fig. 10, f ), while the cellular tissue is not entirely inter- 

 woven with the fibrous tissue of the fungus, and only slight dis- 

 colorations of the portion opposite the parasite, take place. 



The spores (Fig. 11), of the stalk brand consist of two some- 

 what globular cells placed one above the other, with strong, hard, 

 stratified, brown-colored transparent spore skin, that in the upper 

 cells, towards the point, is decidedly thickened. In each one of 

 the two cellular spaces we find a pale colored, waxy, and for the 

 most part egg-shaped or elongated spore kernel. The spore stalk 

 is a glassy, clear, round, fibrous cell, with a minute hollow space. 

 On the base where it passes over into the bearer, it is a little 

 thicker. 



The stalk brand is injurious to farmers, only when it affects the 

 straw and meadow grasses, in an extraordinary degree, as such 

 are scarcely ever eaten by cattle. If the straw is employed for 

 the purposes of manufacture, then a very frequent occurrence of 

 this brand is extremely injurious, because the assorting of the straw 

 costs much trouble and labor. 



Exiplanation of the Illustrations. 



Fig. 9, a stalk and part of a leaf affected by the stalk brand, of 

 the natural size. Fig. 10, a delicate section through a patch of 

 the stalk brand on a haulm of rye, magnified ; a, the outer skin 

 rolled back by the brand; b, outer cluster of cells in the inner bark 

 (hartzellenbundel) of the woody bundle; d, the parenchyma of 

 the haulm; e, the deficiencies in this parenchyma; f, outer 

 skin of the opposite surface; g, the bearer of the red rust; h, the 

 layer of basilar cells; i, the young spores of red rust; k, a ripe 

 spore of the red rust; 1, ripe spores of the stalk brand, standing 

 in a patch. Fig. 11, a ripe spore, as above, of the stalk brand, 

 greatly magnified, in order to exhibit the two cells, the cellular 

 kernels, and the spore stalk. 



