1847.] Brand in the Cereals. 191 



in their most intimate connections with the functions of life, of 

 the vegetable organization, collectively, these same may be more 

 extensively estimated and the appearances, here only slightly in- 

 dicated, then by an accurate anatomico-physiological delineation 

 of the general organization, may receive their far more natural 

 and comprehensive explanations and illustrations. The respected 

 reader will probably thank me for having here avoided all foreign 

 observations, and that I have only given my own experience, and 

 kindly acknowledge it, since I have performed my work to the 

 best of my ability. 



Exj)lanation of the Illustrations. 

 Figs. 21, 22, the spurred rye in its natural size. Fig. 23, a 

 section of the same seen under a microscope and slightly magni- 

 fied. Fig. 24, the top of a spurred rye-kernel seen under the mi- 

 croscope greatly magnified, in order to show the layers of spores 

 b, and the bearer a. Fig. 25, a thinner section of the spurred rye 

 very strongly magnified; a, the layer of spores; b, the basidal 

 cells; c, the outer skin of the bearer; d, substance of the bearer; 

 e, little drops of oil from the substance of the bearer, with the oil 

 bearing cells powerfully magnified. Fig. 28, a thin section 

 from a ripe kernel of lye much magnified; a, the seed skin; b, 

 the inner seed skin; c, cellular layers of gluten; d, albuminous 

 sid^stance formed from the cells that bear starchmeal. Fig. 29, a 

 cell of albuminous substance with grains of amylumvery strongly 

 magnified. Fig. 30, single grains of amylum of rye very strongly 

 magnilied. 



The readers of this journal who have examined the article now 

 first offered to the public in an English dress will doubtless have 

 noticed the use of some words which are new to our language. 

 Those only who have attempted to transfer a scientific essay from 

 one language to another can fully appreciate the difficulties under 

 which a translator labors in finding the requisite words to express 

 his meaning. Especially is this true in respect to the production 

 of many German writers. The investigations are carried out into 

 such minuteness of detail, that no corresponding terms are in use 

 among us to give the precise shades of thought implied in their 

 compound words. For example the words Blllthen Blufhenthiele, 

 Frucht knoten, Frucht hoden, Feusterchen, &c., in certain modes 

 of using them, mean a particular state of the floral or fructified 

 plant for which we have no appropriate words. The meaning, 

 is perhaps evident in the course of the observations of the author 

 and by a reference to the illustrations. Our German dictionaries 

 are w^anting in many of these scientific words. I have availed 

 myself of such helps as were within my command, and in view of 



