INJURIOUS INSECTS. 261 



)f three leaves, and that the tips of the young shoots always end 

 n three leaves, these last often inclosing three others which are 

 mailer, and which envelop the bud which is destined to produce 

 . new shoot. Within this bud the cecidomyia deposits its egg. 

 rhe larva that comes therefrom subsists upon and destroys the bud, 

 \it spares the leaves by which it is enveloped, which leaves, by 

 leoeiving a portion of the juice destined for the bud, become deve- 

 Dped to an extraordinary size. The galls thus formed, boiled in 

 lilk, are a popular remedy for the whooping-cough among the 

 jeasantry of Sweden, who hence name them kik-bar, i. e. cough- 

 'erries. Though these galls arc found at all seasons of the year, 

 is only during the cold months, from September till May, that 

 ley contain the larva. This is a footless worm, about the twelfth 

 if an inch long, of a bright orange color, rather broader posteriorly, 

 iid composed of twelve rings. It changes to a pupa in May, 

 ihich retains the same color, but is shorter and broader, being of 

 1 oval form, and its head is furnished with two small conical emi- 

 jnces like horns. The perfect insect crawls out of the gall, at a 

 laall opening formed at the tips of its inner leaves. It is of an 

 j;h-gray color, with white wings, the margins of which are fringed 

 ith hairs. 



. De Geer also discovered the pupae of two other species, which 

 jere enveloped in cocoons attached to the leaves of the pine. One 

 \ these cocoons was composed entirely of a yellowish-white silk, 

 id suspended by threads of the same kind j the other had, in addi- 

 )n to the silky envelope, an exterior coating of a resinous and 

 hite substance. The larva by which this is formed, differs from 

 ;ost of the larva of this genus, in having two rows of pointed nip- 

 ]es resembling feet, to the n'^mber of fourteen. To escape from 

 1e cocoon, the pupa detaches from one of its ends a small portion 

 Ice a lid. 



iThe lotus, the vetch and the willow, are others of the European 

 I'ants which often exhibit those singular monstrosities, the galls 

 ( the cecidomyise. The flower-buds of the lotus swell and expand 

 tl they resemble bladders with a pointed apex, yet their petals 

 rker appear. The young branches of some willows have irregular 

 ecrescences formed upon them, sometimes rounded, sometimes 

 emgated ; in short, varying considerably in their external appear 

 ace, and of a ligneous or woody texture within. Their surface 



