EXTRACTS FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC. 143 



New-England ; and also proof that an arm of the sea once ran 

 jfroni Lake Ontario to the Hudson river, making an island of the 

 lipper part of the State of New-York ; but there was no proof that 

 this whole Continent had been submerged, as the gentleman insist- 

 ed on presupposing. He must insist on accounting for it in ano- 

 (ther way; by volcanic force acting on the great oceans of the 

 "aorth. This would produce all the wonderful results we are daily 

 Dtherwise astonished at. Bodies of water hurled along with tre- 

 Inaendous velocity will carry large masses of stone suspended for a 

 ong (Ustance. From the mouth of the river Amazon large bodies 

 Df stone are carried out by the velocity of the water a great way 

 ;o sea before they sink. And in this way one force from the north 

 neeting an opposing force, it is very natural that these angles 

 ihould be thus formed, as described by Dr. Reed of the chain of 

 lerpentine boulders in the paper read to them this morning. A 

 ;udden irruption of an Arctic Sea, upheaved by a volcano, would 

 :)e equal to all the phenomena of this character. But he was sur- 

 )rised that the subject of waves of translation was not considered 

 'In this relation. Waves of translation are caused by a movement 

 !)f the whole body of the sea from its surface to the bed of the sea. 

 ]A^ho can count on the immense force of such a moving power 1 

 irhe great tide wave goes round the earth twice in 24 hours. But 

 he velocity of sea v.'aves, engendered by earthquakes, has a velo- 

 „ity of 30 miles, a minute — twice the velocity of sound. The earth- 

 )iuake of Lisbon threio a succession of 36 enormous waves across 

 \he Atlantic to the shores of Antigua in 10 hours. Ten successive 

 ihocks at exact intervals of 35 minutep. We must look for ex- 

 planation to a great volcano bursting out in the Arctic Sea, throw- 

 ing waves across the southern Continents, and these are still far- 

 jher carried forward by the successive rocking of the great crust 

 |f the earth ; in their course ripping off all the projecting crests of 

 jhe highest hills and leaving them where we find them ; and sim- 

 ly accounting for all the phenomena we find on the earth's sur- 

 ace. 



Prof Rogers continued in a most eloquent manner to combat 

 he theories of the dynamic force of icebergs, &c., as moving causes 

 f these deposits, and to prove by actual data the precise velocity 

 f certain seas, and streams, and the large number of pounds 

 weight they would carry to given distances. 

 Prof. Silliman said that the Catskill mountains and hills of Ohio 

 reje formed under water — there was no necessity for sinking the 

 lountains — they were under water before — they were upheaved 

 'om beneath the water and presenting their salient points ; get- 

 ng encrusted with ice ; then suppose that Prof. Rogers' great 

 ower was set in motion, breaking off these icebergs and w^hirling 

 icm round and round ; these angles might thus be formed ; and 

 nus all these theories are easily reconcilable with each other. 



