EXTRACTS FOUEIGN AND DOMESTIC. 173 



ides providing for the family. But the chief income was derived 

 |rrom the cattle, of which I shall speak more at large presently. 



My expenditures during the wdiole period, could not be other- 

 ivise than large ; as 1 could not put up so much stone fence, and 

 jicket fence, as inclose my farm, without incurring a heavy out- 

 ay; but I view these improvements as cheap in the end. It may 

 )e safely inferred, tliat there is not at this day, any farm of the 

 same extent in this part of the country, that can so easily be work- 

 jd, or will require so little expense for a series of years in keep- 

 Dg the fences in order, especially when the hedges are taken into 

 iccount. I am also of opinion, that taking in view the condition 

 )f the soil, as to depth and richness, as well as its being entirely 

 ree of stones and other impediments, that I can make it produce 

 IS much as any farm of its size in any part of the country, for a 

 ieries of years, and at as small an expense. 



The secret of keeping so large a stock on so little land, consists 

 n my practice of partial soiling, and green crops, whereby I make 

 lome four or five acres do the work of thirty acres, in the " slow 

 intl easy go way." From May to August, my cattle are confined 



one or two fields, most commonly one, to wdiich they are driven, 

 nore for exercise, in the cooler parts of the day, than for pasture ; 

 hey being fed in the stables, early in the morning, at noon, and at 

 light, with food cut for them from a lot adjoining the barn-yard. 



nThis food is generally of lucerne, orchard grass and clover, oats 

 ind corn. The patches from which the corn and oats are cut, are 

 ihvays sowed with turnips in August. No one can credit, unless 

 10 has had proper experience in the matter, the quantity of food 

 hat one acre of lucerne, one of rich orchard grass and clover, and 

 )ne of oats and corn, afford from May till August, nor can he esti- 

 nate the great saving in manure, much less the comparatively good 

 loalth of the cattle, from not being exposed on naked fields, under 



1 fervid sun, toiling all day in search of food. This practice al- 

 lows me to crop almost the whole of the land, and to make some 

 jl20 to 150 tons of hay annually. In the fall, from August till 



. i^ovember, the cattle have the whole range of the mowed lands, 

 jis I do not cut second crop grass for hay. Then for winter feed, 

 j. have always an acre of sugar beet, half an acre of sugar pars- 

 nips ; half an acre or more of carrots, for my horses ; and gene- 

 ally three to four acres of turnips. I report to the committee on 

 ;rops this season, over 100 tons of these roots. In 1843, 1 gather- 

 id from one acre, 1078 bushels of sugar beets, 60 lbs. to the bush- 

 si ; carrots at the rate of 687 bushels ; sugar parsneps, 868 bush- 

 'Is, This year, 972 bushels sugar beets; 970 bushels carrots; 

 /OO bushels sugar parsneps ; and from three and a half acres, 2500 

 )ushels of turnips, sowed with timothy seed. 



