348 QUARTERLY JOURNAL. 



place out of the way of the sun. Here let ihem remain till the graft 

 gets well united to the root, which will take place in a week, or 

 fortnight, according to circumstances. After being united, place the 

 boxes in the cellar, and let them remain there till ready to set out in 

 the spring. During this time, keep the earth in the boxes moist. By 

 giving the pieces an opportunity to unite, immediately after grafting, 

 if it comes a dry time in the spring subsequent to setting them out, 

 they are not so liable to die, and their growth is quicker and better. 

 As few farmers have a green-house to start tlie grafts in, they may 

 place the boxes containing them in a warm room during the day, 

 and in the cellar during the night. Those who are not too busy in 

 the spring, can do their root-grafting as soon as the frost is out of 

 the ground, and set the trees out in rows as fast as done. 



Transplanting. Early in the spring, transplant tlie grafted trees 

 from the boxes mto rows about four feet apart, and one foot apart 

 in each row. Stir the earth occasionally, keep the weeds down be- 

 tween the rows, and let the trees grow till they are wanted to plant 

 in an orchard. By this method, apples have been gathered three 

 years after first saving the seed ; and if properly attended to, one 

 may always calculate on a little fruit the sixth or seventh year. 



[From the same.] 



FENCES. 



We cannot do without some fencing in America ; but to be forced 

 to build innuvierable lines of it in every direction, is a positive curse 

 to the country, and a plague upon its morality and industry. It would 

 be hardly possible for law or custom, in a free community, to in- 

 vent and put in practice anything more burdensome, unjust, and 

 tyrannical upon the agricultural class, than the present system of 

 fencing. This may seem to our readers very strong language. It is 

 so, and we mean it as such ; nevertheless, it is bitterly true, every 

 word of it, as we shall endeavor to show. It is a long conviction of 

 its truth, and a knowledge of the deep hold that the apparent ne- 

 cessity of fencing their land has upon the habits and minds of the 

 people, which compel us to express ourselves so decidedly against 

 an odious and tyrannical custom, that has been forced without pro- 

 per reflection upon the cultivated portions of North America ever 

 since its settlement. 



On the continent of Europe, fences are scarcely known ; neither 

 are they found in many parts of England, Scotland, or Ireland ; and 

 where they now exist in these countries the people are fast lessen- 

 ing their number, and we fully believe that half a century hence 

 such a thing will scarcely be in existence. 



The following are our decided objections to fences : 



1. They are the occasion of more angry words and brutal per- 



