CATTELL ON EUGENICS 299 



babies born in Massachusetts and Connecticut who became 

 leading scientific men had been exchanged with babies born 

 in the south, it seems probable that few or none of them 

 would have become scientific men. It may also be the case 

 that few or none of the babies from the south transplanted to 

 New England would have become scientific men, but it is 

 probably true that a nearly equal number of scientific men 

 would have been reared in New England. It is certain that 

 there would not have been 174 leading scientific men from 

 the extreme southern states and practically none from Massa- 

 chusetts and Connecticut. If the stock of the southern 

 states remains undiluted, it may, as social conditions change, 

 produce even more scientific men per thousand of its popula- 

 tion than New England has hitherto produced. In the first 

 list [made in 1906] of the thousand leading scientific men, 

 Massachusetts produced 109 and Connecticut 87 per million 

 of their population. Of the younger men added to the list 

 in the second arrangement [made in 1910] under comparable 

 conditions, Massachusetts produced 85 and Connecticut 57. 

 The other North Atlantic states failed in like measure, while 

 the central states show a gain — Michigan from 36 to 74, 

 Minnesota from 23 to 59, etc. These changes must be attri- 

 buted to an altered environment, not to an altered racial 

 stock. Japan had no scientific men a generation ago and 

 China has none now, but it may be that in a few years their 

 contributions to science will rival ours. 



"A Darwin born in China in 1809 could not have become a 

 Darwin, nor could a Lincoln born here on the same day have 

 become a Lincoln had there been no civil war. If the two 

 infants had been exchanged there would have been no Dar- 

 win in America and no Lincoln in England. Darwin was a 

 member of a distinguished family line possessing high natural 

 ability and the advantages of opportunity and wealth. Lin- 

 coln had no parental inheritance of ability or wealth, but he 

 too had innate capacity and the opportunity of circum- 

 stance. If no infants had been born with the peculiar natural 

 constitutions of Darwin and Lincoln, men like them could 



