VEGETABLE KINGDOM. 115 



are not mentioned in the Phitsao. It is probable that their 

 uses are the same as those of other species of Citrus. In 

 Barbadoes, citronella is prepared from the rind of the citron, 

 and it is shipped from there to France and used to flavor 

 brandies. This term, however, is given to several products, 

 such as : a perfume prepared from Melissa officinalis^ an oil 

 produced from Andropogon schcB)ianthiis^ and in France the 

 term is applied to Artemisia abrotanum. 



Citrus japonica has, in addition to the names already 

 mentioned, several others by which it is known. The Pentsao 

 gives ^ If (Chin-kan), ^ |§ (Hsia-chii, ** summer orange"), 

 llj (t (Shan-chii, "hill or wild orange"), ^%^ (Chi-k'o- 

 ch'eng, "give-guest orange"). When dried, it has some 

 resemblance to a nutmeg, and is therefore called "nutmeg 

 orange." It is used as a dessert, or garniture, at weddings, 

 and is made into a conserve. It is regarded medicinally as a 

 stimulant, carminative, antiphlogistic, antivinous, and deodoriz- 

 ing remedy. This "golden orange," in dwarf variety, is 

 grown in pots, and when the plant is covered with green 

 oranges, or after they have begun to turn yellow, is used as a 

 present to friends or guests. 



Another form of drug, described by Porter Smith as 

 Citrus aiirantiidu^ var. scabra^ is found at Hankow, and is 

 called ^ 1^ ifX (Hua-chii-hung). It is probably a different 

 form of Chli-hung (228), which the Customs lists give as 

 coming from Chekiang and Fukien. Braun, in the Hankow 

 list (1909 revision), gives its origin as Szechuan. In regard 

 to the former. Porter Smith says: "The dried peel of this 

 immature orange, a variety of the sweet orange, is brought 

 from Huachou in Kaochoufu (Kuangtung) and sold at a very 

 high price in Central China. It is externally of a dark brown, 

 or blackish color, and covered with a yellowish bloom, which 

 is seen, by means of a glass, to consist of short hairs. The 

 inner surface is of a dirty white color. As usually sold in the 

 shops it is put up in the form of a six-rayed star, made by 

 dividing into six parts the fruit or rind, from nearly the apex 

 to the bottom, and doubling the segments of the peel upon 

 themselves into a flat star. The whole fruits have their rind 

 thus treated, the pulp being taken away, and the two star-like 



